1. HUMAN POPULATION Week of Jan 26

2. BELLRINGER: JAN 26 Refresh: Describe the relationship between population growth and environmental quality.

3. SC.912.L.17.1 Discuss the characteristics of populations such as # of individuals, age structure, density, and distribution

4. HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH Current population: 6.8 billion + 200,000 a day Two events caused growth Agricultural Revolution Shift from hunter/gatherer to agricultural Industrial Revolution Shift from rural to urban

5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Mid-1700’s: Shift from rural life to urbanization powered by fossil fuels Improvements:  Sanitation  Understanding that deadly diseases are caused by organisms spread from person to person  No more trash/waste left in public areas  Drs started washing their hands between patients  Mass production of soap and cotton clothes  Medical Technology  Mass production of medical technologies  Antibiotics and vaccines used  Changes in agriculture  Fossil fuel driven machines made it possible to plant and harvest large quantities of food  Pesticides were developed

6. RECENT TRENDS The Industrial Revolution led to a decrease in infant mortality and an increase in life expectancy.  Infant mortality: number of babies out of 1000 that die during their first year of life  Life Expectancy: Average number of years an individual is expected to live Knowing growth rates help us predict impact on the environment World growth rate: currently 1.2%, which is down from 2.1 in the 1960’s. When will we reach the carrying capacity…..??????

7. THREE WAYS TO DESCRIBE POPULATION Size Density Distribution

8. PREDICTING GROWTH Fertility Rate:  Total Fertility Rate: The average number of children a female member of a population has during her lifetime  Factors:  On farms, people have many children to help with work. Some parents rely on their children to support them as they get older. Parents are starting to feel less pressure to have many children because almost all children survive infancy. Parents feel they can provide better for a small family.  Replacement Fertility: Total fertility rate for a nation that would keep its population stable.  Differs from nation to nation  In many nations the replacement fertility is about 2.1  Climbs above 2.1 = population will slowly increase  Drops below 2.1 = population will slowly decrease Even though fertility rates are dropping, the human population is still growing

9. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION The change a nation goes through as it shifts from rural to industrialized  Shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates  Increase in economic growth that leads to social changes  Four Stages:

10. PRE-INDUSTRIALIZED Both birth and death rates are high Death rates: widespread disease, poor medical care, unreliable food and water supplies Birth rates: no family planning methods Infant mortality: high – families have many children to increase the chance of some surviving

11. TRANSITIONAL STAGE Death rates decline because food production has increased and medical care improves Birth rates remain high because economic conditions are still shifting, still lacking in family planning Population growth is still increasing

12. INDUSTRIAL STAGE Industrialization increases job opportunities, especially for women. Couples have fewer children because there is less fear they will not survive Birthrates fall Population growth falls

13. POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGE Both birth and death rates fall Population size stabilizes

15. BELLRINGER: JAN 27 Contrast the age structure diagrams found on pg 236 for Canada and Madagascar

16. NATION ANALYSIS Analyze 3 nations age structure diagrams For each nation you choose, answer the following questions:  Is the birth rate low or high?  Is the death rate low or high?  What is the life expectancy?  Describe the population trend: rapidly growing, moderately growing, low growth, or negatively growing?  What is the sex ratio? Equal, More Males, or More Females  What stage of demographic transition do you think it is in? Place on Pg __84_____ of your INB

17. BELLRINGER: JAN 28 A nations total fertility rate is 2.5 The age structure of this population is fairly balanced. Recently people from a neighboring nation have been arriving in masses to escape civil war. Do you think this population will likely increase or decrease in the near future? Explain

18. QUICKLAB: PG 237 Begin the quick lab on page 237. You will get tomorrow in class also Place onto pg ______ of your INB

19. BELLRINGER: JAN 29 No Bellringer

20. COMPLETE AGE STRUCTURE LAB