1. New Mexico Territory & California

2. The Territory Consisted of Arizona, new Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming Capital of territory = Santa Fe This area has thickest grasses, desert and mountain area Indians are Pueblo and Zuni Irrigated land and Farmed land

3. Santa Fe Juan de Onate claimed territory for Spain Grew into a busy trading city Spain refused to allow Americans to settle Mexico gains independence in 1821 Americans now allowed to settle in area

4. The trail First America = William Becknell Merchant and adventurer He led group from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe Found people eager to buy his goods Other followed Becknell’s route Route became known as the Santa Fe Trail

5. California the early years California belonged to Mexico – in 1840’s Spain claimed land 100 years before Jamestown settled by English Spanish and Native Americans shared life together in California – shaped life

6. Contrast of land types Dramatic Contrasts Two tall mountain ranges go through region 1 = along the coast 1 = inland on border of Nevada and Arizona Between the ranges is the fertile central valley

7. Northern California Plenty of Rain South the water is scarce Temperatures mild all year long

8. Missions Spanish soldiers and priests built the first European Settlements Chief missionary in group is Father Serra Built first mission at San Diego Built 20 other mission along the coast line Individual mission claimed land around mission Took care of own needs

9. Missions supplied Meat Grain Other foods for fort

10. Native Americans & Mission Life California Indians lived in small scatter groups Reason scattered is the terrain Many river valleys and mountains Cut off groups from each other Offered no resistance to soldiers when forced to work for missions

11. More Native Americans herded sheep and cattle and raised crops Lived at missions & learned Catholic religion Hard for them and thousands died from over work and disease After Mexican independence even worse Gov. gave land to farmers, ranchers Cruelty = mistreated Indians Results is harsh conditions 1770-1850 decline in population Was 310,000 to 100,000