1.  MA #4 due Friday  Test on Middle Ages Wednesday.

2. Do Now: How did the rise of towns and cities weaken the power of feudalism and manorialism and strengthen the kings in Europe?

3. A. With monarchs in England and France gaining power, these areas can start to become nation-states. What is a nation- state?

4. B. Nation-State: An independent nation of people having a common culture and identity. How we think of countries today.

5. A. William the Conqueror (of Normandy) (rules England from 1066-1087) 1. Battle of Hastings (1066): Invades England, defeats King Harold and the Anglo-Saxons, becomes king. 2. Combines A-S and Norman institutions and languages 3. Creates the Domesday Book: A census with detailed records of land ownership.

6. B. Henry II (Rules England 1154-1189) 1. Gains power over much of France through his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine

7. 2. Strengthens the power of the royal courts: Brings more criminal and property cases before these courts 3. Develops Common Law: Law that was common to the whole kingdom

8. 4. Tries to bring the church under the authority of royal courts by appointing his friend Thomas a Becket to be archbishop of Canterbury. Beckett refuses to give in to Henry, and gets assassinated.

9.  Of the methods used by William the Conqueror and Henry II, choose ONE that you think was most effective in bringing England together as a unified nation-state? Explain why you made this choice.