1. Part One

4. Each group will get a set of directions You MUST follow the directions in ORDER and COMPLETELY You only have 10 minutes to conquer the world HINT: time period=1850s-1915ish GOT IT??

5. Group A: England Group B: France Group C: The Netherlands Group D: America Group E: Spain Wait what?? Why?

6. Stable government Home to the Industrial Revolution Creator of steam engine At the time MOST of Europe is better than US

10. European (and other) countries sat down to make rules for how to conquer an area of Africa LIBERIA and ETHIOPIA remained free- ONLY ONES ONE SIMPLE RULE: You can claim land by telling other nations it’s yours. PROBLEMS? RESULT: Drew lines and set boundaries without regard to families, ethnicities, religion, race, history, language

11. A boundary which is: 1. Draw after human settlement 2. Largely ignores pre-existing human geography culture, language, religion, etc. 3. Imposed by outsiders (usually conquerors)

16. Specific examples: 1.Somali tribe in Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia 2. Tuareg in Mali, Niger, Algeria 3. Fulani in Senegal and Guinea

17. 1.Rwanda- Hutu and Tutsi 1959-Hutus overthrew Tutsi king Thousands of Tutsis were killed or fled Tutsi refugees form rebel group (RPF) and start civil war 1990 April 1994 state led genocide- ¾ of Tutsi population dead Tutsi (RPF) get help from outsiders and defeat Hutu 2 million Hutu fled to Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, DRC Most have returned home QUESTIONS FOR THROUGHT: 1.How do you tell them apart? 2.How does one bring themselves to participate in genocide?

18. “During that killing season we rose earlier than usual to eat lots of meat, and we went up to the soccer field at around nine or ten o'clock. The leaders would grumble about latecomers, and we would go off on the attack. Rule number one was to kill. There was no rule number two. It was an organisation without complications." -Pancrace The judge answered sternly: "There is no need to ask how to begin. The only worthwhile plan is to start straight ahead into the bush, and right now, without hanging back anymore behind questions.“ -----From A time for machetes. The killers speak by Jean HatzfeldPancrace http://www.rwandanstories.org/origins/real_differences.html

19. 1.Central Africa- 700 different languages 2.Nigeria- 200 languages

20. Sugar: South Africa, Mozambique, Cameroon Cocoa: Ghana (West Africa) Coffee: West Africa Tea: West Africa Fruit: everywhere except the Sahara ?

21. 1.Somali tribe- Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia 2. Nomadic tribes in Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Sahel

22. Definition: country that is surround by land on all sides Zambia Zimbabwe Chad Mauritania Lesotho South Sudan

23. 1. NO coastline or direct access to the sea 2. DEPEND on good relationships with neighbors 3. No ports 4. Must build railroads/roads through other countries 5. No fishing industry 6. Must fly over foreign air space