1. Coat of arms of Italy

2. The emblem of Italy was formally adopted by Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. The emblem is made of a white five-pointed star, with a thin red border, superimposed upon a five-spoked cogwheel, standing between an olive branch to the left side and an oak branch to the right side; the branches are in turn bound together by a red ribbon with the inscription REPUBBLICA ITALIANA.

3. Kingdom of Italy Between 1848 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (except for Venetia, Rome,Trento and Trieste, or Italia irredenta, which were united with the rest of Italy in 1866, 1870 and 1918 respectively).

4. The decision to provide the new Italian Republic with an emblem was taken by the government of Alcide De Gasperi in October 1946. The design was chosen by public competition. The winner was Paolo Paschetto, Professor of the Institute of Fine Arts in Rome. The new emblem was approved by the Constituent Assembly in February 1948, and officially adopted by the President of the Italian Republic, Enrico De Nicola in May 1948.

5. Ciao !!!!

6. Cześć Polska!