1. - Pritam Kumat - TE(2) 1

2.  Introduction  Architecture  Routing Techniques  Node Components  Hardware Specification  Application 2

3.  WSN are used to collect data from the environment  Consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner  Monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants 3

4. Use broadcast communication while ad hoc networks use point-to-point Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and large number of sensors Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks 4

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6. Unique characteristics of a WSN include:  Limited power they can harvest or store  Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions  Ability to cope with node failures  Dynamic network topology  Large scale of deployment  Unattended operation  Small-scale sensor nodes 6

7. 7 Direct Communication Hierarchical Routing Multihop Routing Cluster Head

8. Characteristic  Small physical size and low power consumption  Concurrency-intensive operation Type of transducer Cost Size Energy 8

9. Motes mainly consist of three parts:-  Consists of a low cost and power computer.  The computer monitors one or more sensors.  Sensors may be for temperature, light, sound, position, acceleration, vibration, stress, weight, pressure, humidity, etc.  The computer connects to the outside world with a radio link. 9

10.  Low-power processor. ◦ Limited processing.  Memory. ◦ Limited storage.  Radio. ◦ Low-power. ◦ Low data rate. ◦ Limited range.  Sensors. ◦ Scalar sensors: temperature, light, etc. ◦ Cameras, microphones.  Power. 1-10

11.  A very low cost low power computer  Monitors one or more sensors  A Radio Link to the outside world  Are the building blocks of Wireless Sensor Networks External Memory Digital I/O ports Radio Transceiver Analog I/O Ports Microcontroller A/D D/A Sensor 11

12. Berkeley Motes 12

13. Mica Mote: ◦Processor: 4Mhz, 8 bit ◦Memory: 128KB Flash and 4KB RAM ◦Radio: 916Mhz and 40Kbits/second. ◦Transmission range: 200 Feet  operating System: small, open source and energy efficient. E.g. TinyOS,EYEOS 13

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16.  Environmental/Habitat monitoring  Area monitoring  Vehicle Detection  Military surveillance  Agriculture  Medical monitoring  Power monitoring 16

17. Deploy Sensors Motes automatically forms a network Motes detect passing vehicles through magnetic sensors 17

18.  Wildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked Sensors  Firebugs: GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensor motes based on TinyOS that self-organize into networks for collecting real time data in wild fire environments  Software architecture: Several interacting layers (Sensors, Processing of sensor data, Command center)  A project by University of California, Berkeley CA. 18

19.  Intel Research Laboratory at Berkeley initiated a collaboration with the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor and the University of California at Berkeley to deploy wireless sensor networks on Great Duck Island, Maine (in 2002)  Monitor the microclimates in and around nesting burrows used by the Leach's Storm Petrel Sensors installed inside burrows  Goal : habitat monitoring kit for researchers worldwide 19

20. 1. It avoids hell lot of wiring. 2. It can accommodate new devices at any time. 3. Its flexible to go through physical partitions. 4. It can be accessed through a centralized monitor. Disadvantages 1. It is very easy for hackers to hack it as we can’t control propagation of waves 2. Comparatively low speed of communications 20