DISINFECTION.

Name: DISINFECTION.
Uploaded: 2017-07-10T19:08:21+00:00
Duration: PTM20S41
Channel: Debra Glenn
Description: DISINFECTION.

DISINFECTION

Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com
Terminology Antiseptics: are disinfectants that can be used on body surface such as the skin or vaginal tract, to reduce the number of normal flora & pathogenic contaminants. Bactericidal agents or germicide can kill bacteria. Bacteriostatic agents: Only prevents the multiplication of bacteria which may however remain alive. Free powerpoint template:

Contd. Cleaning: Means removing soil & other dirt & reducing the microbial burden, making sterilization more effective. Decontamination: Refers to the process of rendering an articles or area free of danger from contamination including microbial, chemical radiation & other hazards. Free powerpoint template:

Definition According to Ananthanarayan & Paniker’s Disinfection means the destruction or removal & killing all pathogenic organism, or organisms capable of giving rise of infection. Disinfectants are compounds that kill micro-organism & may or may not kill spores, but are not safe to apply to living tissues. Free powerpoint template:

Types of Disinfection Disinfection Concurrent Terminal Precurrent Free powerpoint template:

Concurrent Disinfection
Disinfection as soon as pt. Is discharged from the hospital. e.g. Disinfection of sputum,urine, feces, clothing Free powerpoint template:

Terminal Disinfection
Disinfection of a sick room and its contents at the termination of a disease Disinfection after the patient has been shifted from hospital or after his death. e.g.. his bedding. Free powerpoint template:

Precurrent Disinfection
Precurrent is prophylactic disinfection, that is , action taken prior to the onset of infection. Examples are handwashing , chlorination. Free powerpoint template:

Disinfectant Characteristics
Effective against all microorganism that is bacteria including spores, virus, fungi & Protozoa. Active in presence of organic matter. Speedy action Effective in acid as well as alkaline media. High penetrating power. Stable. Not corrode metals. Not interfere with healing Not cause local Irritation Cheap & easily available. Free powerpoint template:

Factors that determine potency of disinfectant
Conc. Of the substances. Time of action PH of the medium Temperature. Nature & number of the organism. Others: hardness of water, humidity. Free powerpoint template:

Methods of Disinfection
Moist Heat: Pasteurization, Boiling Water & Low temperature (Subatmospheric) steam Gases: Formaldehyde Chemical Agents: Halogens, Phenolics Diguanides, Alcohol, Aldehydes Free powerpoint template:

Action of Chemical Agents used for disinfection
Protein coagulation Disruption of cell membrane Removal of free sulphydryl group Free powerpoint template:

Sterilization According to Ananthanarayan & Paniker’s Sterilization is defined as the process of killing all micro-organism including bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi & virus, such as Hepatitis & HIV. OR It is process of destruction or complete removal of all kinds of micro-organism including spores. Free powerpoint template:

Methods of Sterlisation
Physical Methods Chemical Agents Surface- active agents Metallic salts Gases: Ethylene oxide formaldehyde , betapropiolactone Free powerpoint template:

Physical Methods Heat Dry Heat Moist Heat Radiation Non-ionizing radiation Ionizing Radiation Filtration Free powerpoint template:

Dry heat Flaming Incineration Hot air oven Free powerpoint template:

Flaming Direct exposure for a few seconds by passing a few times through the Bunsen flame without allowing them to become red hot may be used for scalpels, needles, glass slides, cover slips, mouth of culture tube, neck of flasks, etc. But its efficacy is not certain. Free powerpoint template:

Incineration Disposal of contaminated material by direct burning. Method that is used for destroying material such as Soiled dressing Bedding of patient Pathological material Animal carcases. Free powerpoint template:

Hot air oven A holding period of 160oc for one hour is used. It is two walled chamber Inner wall of copper vessel. Outer wall of asbestos to reduce radiation of heat. Free powerpoint template:

Direction for use The oven is heated by electricity, with heating elements in the walls of the chamber. It must be fitted with a fan to ensure even distribution of air & elimination of air pocket. It should not be overloaded. The material should be arrange so as to allow free circulation of air. Glassware should be perfectly dry before being placed in the oven. Free powerpoint template:

Moist Heat : 1. Temperature below 1000c
Pasteurization of milk: The milk is heated by either 630c for 30 min. or 720c for sec followed by cooling quickly to 1300c or lower. Free powerpoint template:

Inspissation Inspissation is the process used when heating high-protein containing media; for example to enable recovery of bacteria for testing.

Inspissations Heating at c for 30 min. on 3 successive days. Principles FIRST EXPOSURE on DAY 1 KILL all vegetative forms. Spores which are not destroyed, would germinate to form vegetative forms before the 2 exposure. 2 EXPOSURE on DAY 2 KILLS Newly formed vegetative forms. Spores if present, germinate till 3 rd exposure & would be killed on third exposure ON 3 RD DAY EXPOSURE ensure complete Sterlisation. Free powerpoint template:

c. Water Bath Uses : For Sterlisation of serum or body fluids containing coagulable protein. Method- heating for 1 hr. at 56ºC on several days in water bath. Free powerpoint template:

d. Vaccine Bath. Uses : For inactivation of non-sporing bacteria for preparation of vaccine. Method: Heating for 1 hr. at 60 c in vaccine bath. It is an apparatus, used in vaccine production. As vaccines are very heat labile but inevitably need to be heated to some extent, these devices are used. These are basically, water baths, with a temperature set very low. A long time is taken to sterilize vaccines by this method. Free powerpoint template:

2. Temperature around 100ºc Boiling Steaming Tyndallisation. Free powerpoint template:

Boiling Boiling at 1000c for min kills almost all vegetative bacteria but does not ensure complete sterilization. Free powerpoint template:

Steaming Steaming at atmospheric pressure at 1000c is used to sterilize culture media. One exposure for 90 min. ensures complete sterilization. Free powerpoint template:

Tyndallisation Method used to destroy bacteria and endospores and agar. The jars fitted with a filter disc or a polyfill lid filter are boiled or steamed at 212°F (100°C) for 30 min in a pot with lid, three days in a row. The jars are kept warm, around 30°C(but room temperature will work too), to allow the remaining endospores to germinate. The basic principle behind this method is that any resistant endospores will germinate after the first heating and therefore be susceptible to killing during the second and third heating.. Free powerpoint template:

Timetable of the tyndallization (=fractional sterilisation) process 1) Steam heating to 100 °C for 30 min Vegetative cells are destroyed but endospores survive 2) Incubate at 30°C-37°C overnight Most bacterial endospores germinate 3) Second heat treatment, 100 °C, 30 min Germinated endospores are killed. 4) Second incubation at 30°C-37 °C overnight Remaining endospores germinate 5) Third heat treatment, 100 °C, 60 min Last remaining germinated endospores are killed Free powerpoint template:

Autoclave Free powerpoint template:

Autoclave An autoclave is an instrument used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121°C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents. It was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Free powerpoint template:

Principles Water boils at 100ºc when its vapor pressure is same as that of atmospheric pressure. When the vapor pressure increases the temp. at which water boils also increases. The steam under pressure has greater penetrating power. Free powerpoint template:

Direction for use Sufficient water is put in Cylinder. Articles to be placed on a platform. The lid is closed properly & screws are tightened. The safety valve is adjusted to the required pressure. Heating is started with steam tap kept open to displace air inside. Water pressure boils at 121ºc. This pressure is maintained for 15 min. Then autoclaving I turned off. Steam tap is opened slowly to allow the air to enter inside. Then lid is opened & material is taken out. Free powerpoint template:

Uses of Autoclaving Which are not damaged by steam. Solid & liquid media. Saline solution. Laboratory coats Swabs, syringes & needles Surgical instruments Dressing Laboratory wares Pharmaceutical products. Free powerpoint template:

Radiation There are 2 types of radiation Non-ionizing radiation Ionizing Radiation. Free powerpoint template:

Non-ionizing radiation
Sources: Component of sunlight UV Lamps. Free powerpoint template:

Ionizing Radiation Includes Gamma rays, beta rays & X rays. They are highly lethal to DNA. High penetrating power. Gamma & beta rays are used for plastic syringes, swabs, culture plates, catheters, oils & greases. Free powerpoint template:

Filteration Filters are used for removal of micro-organism from the fluids or liquids. Free powerpoint template:

Types of filters. Candle filter Asbestos filter. Sintered glass filter Membrane filter. Free powerpoint template:

Candle filter Used for purification of water on large scale. ASBESTOS CANDLE Composed of asbestos fibers. Disposable Free powerpoint template:

Asbestos filter Candle filter Free powerpoint template:

Sintered Glass filter Composed of finely powdered glass particles. They have low absorptive property. They can be cleaned easily. They are expensive. Free powerpoint template:

Membrane filters. Composed of cellulose esters and are called Millipore. Water purification & analysis. Sterlisation & sterility testing Preparation of solution for parenteral use. Free powerpoint template:

Pictures. Sintered glass filter Membrane filters Free powerpoint template:

THANK UUUUUUUUU Free powerpoint template:

DISINFECTION.

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