1. NTNU 2011 Dimer-superfluid phase in the attractive Extended Bose-Hubbard model with three-body constraint Kwai-Kong Ng Department of Physics Tunghai University, Taiwan Collaborators: Min-Fong Yang, Yung-Chung Chen Phys. Rev. B 83, 100511(R) (2011) arXiv:1103.3350

2. 1.Syassen et al. (Science 320, 1329 (2008)) showed that a strong two-body loss process for molecules in an optical lattice could produce an effective hard-core repulsion and thus a Tonks gas in 1D. 2.A large loss dynamically suppresses process creating two–body occupation on a particular site.

3. 1.Daley et al. (PRL 102, 040402 (2009)) proposed that the large three-body combination loss process (via triatomic Efimov resonance) can leads to an effective three-body interactions – a three-body hard-core constraint. 2.This constraint stabilizes the attractive bosonic system (U<0) from collapse. If U>0, the ground states are either Mott insulator or atomic superfluid phases of Bose-Hubbard model.

4. 1.The DSF order parameter transforms with the double phase ~ exp(2iθ) compared to the ASF order parameter ~ exp(iθ). 2.The symmetry θ-> θ+π exhibited by the DSF is broken when reaching the ASF phase. 3.A spontaneous breaking of a discrete Z 2 symmetry, reminiscent of an Ising transition 4.ASF and DSF can be expt. distinguished by measuring the momentum distribution, which has zero momentum peak for ASF state but not for DSF. 2nd order is expected

5. dimer superfluid DSF atomic superfluid (ASF) The system is described by the attractive Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian: with the constraint Mean field result for one dimensional chain: U<0 note that there is no hopping of dimers in H. Daley et al. (PRL 102, 040402 (2009))

6. However this result is revised by the group Diehl et al. (PRL 04, 165301 (2010)). One reason to question the MF result is the presence of two interacting soft modes (related to and ) close to the phase transition. Quantum fluctuations can turn this transition into a 1st order one due to the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. Fluctuation induced 1 st order At n=1, coupling vanished; it is 2 nd order transition of Ising type

7. Perturbative approach in the strong coupling limit by YW Lee and MF Yang (PRA 81, 061604 (2010)) MI-DSF: 2nd order MI-ASF: can be either 1st order or 2nd order Because there is no hopping terms for dimers, usual strong coupling theory based on simple MF is not appropriate. They use the method of effective potential that generalized to two order parameters.

8. Our model: In order to enlarge the DSF regime, we add a nn repulsive term V in the Hamiltonian: U 0 (V can arise from dipole-dipole interactions) For illustration, μ=-0.55, |U|=1, and V=0.25 Again, there is no hopping of dimers in H. the hopping of dimers is a second order effect. DSF occurs only in low T < t 2

9. Order parameters: Superfluidity (spin stiffness) ρ is related to the winding number (W) fluctuations in the simulation. 1.To identify the ASF and DSF, we measure the odd and even winding number separately. 2.In the ASF phase, both ρ odd and ρ even are finite. 3.While the DSF phase, ρ even is finite but ρ odd =0 (two bosons move together). We try to study numerically the DSF phase using SSE (stochastic series expansion) method. m is the effective mass in square lattice

10. 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 x it Examples of dimer hopping The dimer hopping always lead to even winding number. 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 x it Two loops algorithm Conventional one loop algorithm 1 0 2 2 0 1 This two steps hopping is very ineffective, especially in large lattice size.

11. Ground state phase diagrams: T/|U|=0.001 dimer charge density wave (n=1) 1st order 2nd order n <= 1

12. Finite size analysis DSF-ASF 1st order transition (48x48 at T=0.005)

13. Finite temperature phase diagram. KT type 1st order the underlying Coleman- Weinberg mechanism is not spoiled by the thermal fluctuations. Both of continuous KT type, but with distinct characters. universal stiffness jump of DSF is 4 times larger than that of ASF DSF-N transition is driven by the unbinding of half-vortices.

14. KT renormalization group integral equantion: 1.data of pairs of sizes collapse into a straight line. 2.T KT is given at κ=1. The universal jump is given by: The vorticityν=±1 for conventional KT transition. ASF t=0.14 Weber and Minnhagen (1988) Boninsegni and Prokofev (2005)

15. 1.For the DSF, it preserves the π phase-rotation symmetry as exp(2iθ) 2.the vorticity ν is ±1/2 instead of ±1. 3.the unversial jump is then 4 times larger than conventional case t=0.1

16. Similar works: L. Bonnes and S. Wessel, PRL 106, 185302 (2011). arXiv: 1101.5991 V=0, same conclusion for the thermal transitions.

17. One-worm algorithm Fat-tailed distributions for data of condensates. Measure condensate densities:

18. To overcome the difficulties, they add correlated hopping terms to the original Hamiltonian. then extrapolates to t’/U, h/U~10 -2. or

19. V=0 V=1/2V=1 Ground-state phase diagram for various V by ED (Y.C. Chen, K.K. Ng, and M.F. Yang arXiv:1103.3350) Lattice size up to 10x10.

20. Summary: 1.Using the two-loops algorithm, the finite temperature phase diagram for DSF and ASF phases is studied. 2.DSF-ASF transitions are fluctuation induced 1st order as predicted by Diehl et al., and preserved at finite temperature. 3.Continuous KT transitions observed for ASF-N and DSF-N transitions, but with distinct characteristics: DSF-N is driven by unbinding of half-vortices. 4.The anomalous KT transition can be served as a signature for the DSF in real experiments.

21. 5.ED calculations show that repulsive V enlarges the regime of DSF phase. 6.First-order MI-ASF vanishes for large V.

22. the two- and the four-particle binding energies, Δ 2p = E(2) - 2E(1) and Δ 4p = E(4) - 2E(2), MI-ASFMI-DSF First order