1. Natural Gas Vehicles in the US
June, 2016
Mexico City

2. Agenda Cummins Westport Overview Natural Gas engine technology
Current Products
Near Zero Emissions Technology
Resources
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

3. Natural gas use in vehicles has grown and evolved over the past decade
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

4. Natural Gas Vehicle Market Continuous Evolution
Energy Security
Economic Benefits
Environmental Leadership
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

5. Cummins Westport 3 E’s Economic Benefits Energy Security
Environmental Leadership
Meets Regulated 2010 EPA/Euro EEV
Lower greenhouse gas emissions
Beats Regulated 2010 Limits by 90%!
Economic Benefits
Improved Reliability
Improved Efficiency
Lower total fuel costs
Energy Security
Reduced reliance on oil
Biomethane (RNG) capable
Low cost pathway to Zero Emissions
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

6. Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI)
Cummins Westport is a joint venture company established in 2001
50% - Cummins Inc. - world’s largest builder of commercial diesels,
50% - Westport Innovations Inc. - world leader in gaseous fuel engine technology
CWI offers 6 to 12 litre alternative fuel automotive engines. (CNG, LNG, RNG)
Engines are manufactured by Cummins.
Parts, service and training support through the Cummins Distributor network.
Over 60,000 engines delivered worldwide
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

7. Continued Emission Leading Performance
C Gas Plus
ISL G
ISX12 G
ISB6.7 G
First engine 2004 EPA Certified
1.8 g/bhp-hr. NOx
Lean Burn Combustion
First HD engine certified 2010 EPA/ARB 0.2 g/bhp-hr. NOx SEGR Combustion
HD Truck engine certified EPA/ARB
0.15 g/bhp-hr. NOx
SEGR Combustion
Mid range engine certified EPA/ARB
0.1 g/bhp-hr. NOx
SEGR Combustion
First engine Certified Near Zero ARB
0.02 g/bhp NOx
SEGR Combustion
2007
2013
2016
2001
2016
Particulate Matter (PM)
All CWI engines have met the 2010 EPA/ARB Particulate Matter (PM) standard (0.01 g/bhp-hr.) with a catalyst since 2001
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

8. Current CWI Natural Gas Engines Over 60,000 engines delivered worldwide
6.7 Litre
Spark Ignited
SEGR
Three Way Catalyst
33,000 lb. GVW
School bus/MD Truck/Shuttle bus/Sweeper/yard spotter
8.9 Litre
Spark Ignited
SEGR
Three Way Catalyst
66,000 lb. GVW
Refuse/Transit/Regional P&D Truck/Mixers
11.9 Litre
Spark Ignited
SEGR
Three Way Catalyst
Up to 80,000 lb. GVW
Regional Haul Truck/Tractor/Refuse
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

9. Cummins Westport Engine Architecture
Three Way
Catalyst
O2 Sensor
EGR Cooler
Charge Air Cooler
Throttle
Fuel
Spark Ignited
Spark Plug
Cummins Westport engines feature spark ignition with Stoichiometric / EGR combustion
This combustion technology was introduced in 2007 with the ISL G, the first heavy duty engine to meet the EPA 2010 standards (0.2 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.1 g/bhp-hr PM)
SEGR Technology is capable of lower emissions, particularly NOx
Cummins Westport engines are factory built, dedicated natural gas engines that are based on Cummins diesel engine platforms with over 80% parts commonality
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

10. Three Way Catalyst Catalyst Inlet Catalyst Outlet NOX N2 CO CO2 HC H2O
Reduces three harmful emissions:
Consistent performance across all duty cycles
NOX, CO, HC  N2, CO2, H2O
Similar to catalyst on passenger cars
Simple, passive device
Packaged as part of muffler. Vertical or horizontal mount.
No Regeneration
No SCR
Weighs ~ 100 lbs
No maintenance
Catalyst Inlet
NOX CO HC
Catalyst Outlet N2
CO2
H2O
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

11. Quiet Operation. Spark ignition provides quiet operation
Communities notice the natural gas noise advantage.
ONE Diesel engine idling is louder than TEN natural gas engines idling together
ISL G is 5.5 decibels quieter at peak torque and load
ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter at Idle/no load
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

12. Fuel and Fuel Systems
Cummins Westport natural gas engines fuel requirements enable the use of both CNG or LNG.
Customers may choose CNG or LNG depending on duty cycle, application, and/or fuel availability.
Natural gas fuel (CNG or LNG) must meet fuel quality requirements. The minimum Methane Number is MN75
A fuel quality calculator is available on the Cummins Westport website
Regardless of how the fuel is stored on the vehicle, the engine fuel inlet pressure requirement is the same
ISB6.7 G and ISL G - minimum 70 psi, maximum 150 psi
ISX12 G – minimum 60 psi, maximum 150 psi
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

13. June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

14. ISL G Natural Gas Engine
Introduced in 2007
8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.)
In line 6 cylinder
Charge Air Cooled (CAC)
Spark ignition
Peak Rating:
HP-320 hp Torque lb-ft
Certified to 2015 EPA and CARB NOx and PM standards
Certified to Euro 6, EEV
Meets 2015 EPA GHG standards
OBD in 2018
Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment
Up to 66,000 lb GVW
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

15. ISL G Product Timeline
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2015
First Heavy Duty Engine Certified 2010 EPA and CARB
# 1 natural gas engine in transit
#1 natural gas engine in Refuse
#1 natural gas engine
in Conventional Truck
10,000th ISL G produced at RMEP
Over 46,000 engines in service
25,000 engines produced as of Dec 31, 2013
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

16. Key to Success - Performance similar to diesel
ISL9
ISL G
Horsepower HP kW HP kW
Peak Torque
lb-ft
N-m
lb-ft
N-m
Torque at Idle
550 lb-ft
949 N-m
Aftertreatment
DPF + SCR
Three Way Catalyst
Engine Brake Performance
Optional RPM NA
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

17. Reliability Improvement
Significant investment by CWI in product quality improvement
Date reflects dramatic improvement in product reliability
Trend continues for 2015 product
Key to reliable performance is quality installation and proper application
Extrapolating actual RPH suggests 2014 product is 3X better than product
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

18. ISL G: The Right Applications
Medium Duty Market
Refuse / Dump / Mixer
Transit and School Bus
Pickup and Delivery Truck
Medium Duty Specialty Vehicles (street sweeper, yard spotter, etc…)
Truck Market
Up to 66,000 lbs GVW
Less Than Truck Load (LTL) applications
Regional / Bulk Haul applications
Outlined on this slide are the appropriate and common applications for the ISL G
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

19. Natural Gas Engine Key Product Attributes
4 cycle, spark ignited, in-line 6 cylinder, turbocharged, CAC
Displacement – 11.9 litres (726.2 cu in)
2015 EPA/CARB certified
Meets 2014 EPA GHG requirements
Dedicated 100% natural gas engine
Engine braking
Manual/Automatic/AMT Transmissions
Over 8,500 in service (+700 in Refuse applications)
Horsepower HP kW
Peak Torque
lb-ft
N-m
Torque at Idle
700 lb-ft
949 N-m
Aftertreatment
Three Way Catalyst
Engine Brake Performance
Optional RPM
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

20. ISX12 G: Performance Similar to diesel
Horsepower HP kW HP kW
Peak Torque
lb-ft
N-m
lb-ft
N-m
Torque at Idle
800 lb-ft
1085 N-m
700 lb-ft
949 N-m
Aftertreatment
DPF + SCR
Three Way Catalyst
Engine Brake Performance
Optional RPM
Optional RPM
Lb-ft
RPM
Horsepower
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

21. The Right Applications
ISX12 G
Heavy Duty Engine
Tractor Configurations
Line Haul, Regional P&D, Local Delivery
Vocational
Refuse (cab over and roll off)
Up to 80,000 lb GVW
Any application over 60,000 miles per year
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

22. Production begins in 2016
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

23. Natural Gas Engine Key Markets Key Product Attributes School Bus
MD Truck (Class 6-8), Shuttle Bus, Vocational
Key Product Attributes
4 cycle, spark ignited, in-line 6 cylinder, turbocharged, CAC
Displacement – 6.7 litres (408.9 cu in)
Peak rating: 260 hp, 660 lb-ft
2016 EPA/CARB certified
Meet 2017 EPA GHG requirements
Dedicated 100% natural gas engine
Three Way Catalyst after-treatment
Automatic Transmissions
Base warranty will be same as ISB6.7 diesel
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

24. ISB6.7 G - Environment
Low Emissions Engine will be certified at CARB Optional Low NOx 0.10 g/bhp-hr. – 50% lower than EPA standard
0.2
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
NOx (g/bhp-hr)
PM (g/bhp-hr)
1998
2002
2007
2010
1994
EPA Emission Standards: NOx and PM
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

25. Near Zero Emissions

26. Why Lower NOx Emissions?
High temperature engine combustion produces NOx
Via complex reaction with sunlight NOx leads to NO2
This Conversion leads to ground level ozone formation
Reactive hydrocarbons can speed the conversion process
Natural Gas hydrocarbons are less reactive then diesel
In most urban areas lower engine related NOx will reduce ground level ozone
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

27. California NOx Improvement.
California’s poor PM and Ozone air quality is pushing government to take significant steps for NOx improvement
Fund technology development and demonstration
Offer end-user incentives to offset incremental vehicle costs, customers will request product!
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

28. How California (ARB) Plans to Get There
Already a 98% NOx reduction with current standards comparing 1985 to 2010 EPA
Now ARB has established three optional low NOx emissions standards
0.02 g ~ “Near Zero” NOx emissions, 90% reduction in NOx from current (2010) standards
0.2 g/bhp-hr
Current NOx standard
0.1 g/bhp-hr
ARB optional low NOx standards
0.05 g/bhp-hr
0.02 g/bhp-hr
ARB has defined this certified Near Zero emission level as equivalent to a 100% battery truck using electricity from a modern combined cycle natural gas power plant.
“Near Zero”
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

29. Near Zero Emissions Natural Gas Engine
CWI has been working on a project supported by the SCAQMD, CEC & SoCal Gas to develop technology that would reduce NOx emissions to below the 0.02 g/bhp-hr “Near Zero” level
In 2014, CWI completed laboratory-based R&D, using prototype hardware, testing the ISL G for near zero emissions while maintaining current architecture
2015 work included
Component and engine design for high volume manufacture
Extensive component / system validation to demonstrate performance, reliability and durability, including field testing in California
Emissions certification
2016 Production begins
Emissions Criteria
Reduction
Near Zero
Particulate Matter (PM)
↓ 80% below EPA standards
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
↓ 90% below EPA standards
Engine related Methane (CH4)
↓ 70% reduction (crankcase and tailpipe)
Greenhouse Gases (CO2 equivalent)
↓ 9% reduction (technology pathway for further reduction in 2019/2020)
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

30. Emissions Reduction Impact - NOx
2009
2010 =
12.5
2016 =
125
250
2009
2010
2016
ISL G NZ
NOx (g/hp-hr)
2.5
0.2
0.02
PM (g/hp-hr)
0.05
0.01
0.01
Pre 2010 EPA emissions levels were at 2.5 NOx (g/hp-hr)
Replacing that pre 2010 engine with a 2010 EPA certified engine (NOx is 0.2 gm/bhp-hr.) it would take certified engines to match the NOx output of one 2.5 NOx engine. = 12.5 to 1 ratio
The new ISL G Near Zero emissions product is certified with CARB and EPA at 0.02 (g/bhp-hr.) – 90% lower than a 2010 certified engine… so 125 ISL G NZ would match the NOx of one pre 2009 engine = 125 to 1 ratio.
If you look at the actual test emission NOx at 0.01 gm/bhp-hr. that it would take 250 NZ engines to match the NOx of a pre 2009 certified engine. = 250 to 1 ratio
How fast do you want to get to Zero? How many 10 year old trucks and buses are operating today?
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

31. Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse gases are essential to maintaining the temperature of the Earth as they reduce the loss of heat into space and help control global temperatures through the greenhouse effect
Increased emissions of greenhouse gases can cause global warming.
Carbon Emissions are gaining in importance by government and industry
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride HFCs, and PFCs) are the major greenhouse gases.
Natural gas is a low carbon fuel.
From GREET1_2015
CNG
LNG
Diesel
Gasoline
Fuel Carbon Content
per Unit of Energy (gCO2/MJ)
56.3
56.5
74.9
72.7
CNG compared to Petroleum
25% lower
22 % lower
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

32. Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Emissions Criteria
Reduction From Base ISL G
Engine related Methane (CH4)
↓ 70% reduction (crankcase and tailpipe)
Greenhouse Gases (CO2 equivalent)
↓ 11% reduction (technology pathway for further reduction in 2019/2020)
Potential further GHG reductions to near zero levels when used with renewable natural gas (RNG)
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

33. Use Renewable Natural Gas
The use of renewable natural gas as a fuel reduces greenhouse gas emissions
Biogas is a mixture of methane and other gases produced from the natural decomposition of organic materials in landfills, composting or agriculture.
Purifying biogas to “pipeline quality” produces Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) or biomethane that is a pipeline-quality natural gas substitute.
Converting the methane that leaks from landfills or other sources to biomethane fuel has significant greenhouse gas emissions reduction benefits.
In addition, there's a 100% displacement of fossil fuels as RNG is a renewable resource.
Biogas based fuel (RNG) improves GHG reduction
When renewable natural gas is burned the carbon dioxide emissions from combustion are not included in the analysis since the carbon in the fuel was extracted from the air when the original biomass was produced. It is the organic material that decomposes to produce RNG in the landfill or the anaerobic digester. There are still some fuel emissions from the use of RNG since unburned methane and nitrous oxide emissions are still counted in the bioenergy systems.
Cummins Westport Inc
June 2016

34. Base ISL G engine design is the same
Engine will be factory built at Cummins Rocky Mount Engine Plant
Ratings, warranty and operational / maintenance procedures will be the same
No change in technician service certification requirements
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) will be added to engine
CCV system reduces engine related methane emissions by 70%
CCV filter change required at 2,000 hours
Three Way Catalyst will change to meet next level emissions
Remains maintenance free
Larger size catalyst with addition sensor added
New substrate composition for durability and emission performance
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc

35. More information…www.cumminswestport.com
Natural Gas Academy: great source of information about NG, technology, vehicles
Series of instructional videos, including engine walk-arounds and service & driver training videos
Engine information – specs, features, maintenance intervals
Product Brochures & Bulletins available for download
June 2016
Cummins Westport Inc