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KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association Institut AIFB – Angewandte Informatik.

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Presentation on theme: "KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association Institut AIFB – Angewandte Informatik."— Presentation transcript:

1 KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association Institut AIFB – Angewandte Informatik und Formale Beschreibungsverfahren www.kit.edu Evan Leeson Semantic MediaWiki Tutorial Markus Krötzsch, Oxford Denny Vrandečić, KIT Berlin SMWCon Fall 2011

2 Institut AIFB221.09.2011 2 Overview Wikis, MediaWiki, and Wikipedia Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) Create instance data with in the wiki self descriptions using existing concepts and newly created concepts affiliation, interests, etc. Collaborative ontology design with SMW Export data Use http://scratchpad.referata.com for testinghttp://scratchpad.referata.com This is introductory – you might want to go to the Developers consultations in the other room

3 Institut AIFB321.09.2011 Long, long time ago… Using Pattern Languages for Object Oriented Programming, OOPSLA87

4 Institut AIFB421.09.2011 Many books, many conferences on design patterns Idea: Collecting design patterns Design Patterns

5 Institut AIFB521.09.2011 Design Patterns Web Page HTML Simple Syntax HTML

6 Institut AIFB621.09.2011 Editing the wiki Create a new page or go to an existing one Click on “edit” Try to add or change text You can cancel anytime, preview (just for you), or save the changes so that everyone can see them

7 Institut AIFB721.09.2011 Quick overview of wiki markup '''three apostrophes''' will make text bold ''two apostrophes''' will make text italic [[Text in double square brackets]] will be links to the page named as the text in the brackets [[Link target|link text]] will display a link that looks like link text but links to link target The wiki is case sensitve – but not on the first letter of a link The wiki is Unicode

8 Institut AIFB821.09.2011 Namespaces Each page in the wiki belongs to a namespace Example namespaces: Talk, Category, Template, Help, File, User, User, etc. Default namespace is empty (like for articles in Wikipedia) Some namespaces have special semantics Semantic MediaWiki introduces further namespaces Property Concept

9 Institut AIFB921.09.2011 Parser functions / Templates They are called in wikitext with {{ }} Template call {{City}} Can also have parameters (by name or by position) {{City|population=200,000}} {{City|200,000}} Function call work the same way (but may have a : or #) {{#expr:20+4}}

10 Institut AIFB1021.09.2011 edit wow. I can change the web. let’s write an encyclopedia!

11 Institut AIFB1121.09.2011

12 Institut AIFB1221.09.2011

13 Institut AIFB1321.09.2011 So far… Human collaborations can achieve great things But some things are better left to machines…

14 Institut AIFB1421.09.2011 Wiki Clock http://pageoftext.com/wikiclock

15 Institut AIFB1521.09.2011 edit

16 Institut AIFB1621.09.2011 Universal Access to All Knowledge

17 Institut AIFB1721.09.2011 What Wikipedia knows Wikipedia has articles about… … all cities … their populations … their mayors So can I ask for a list of the world’s ten largest cities with a female mayor?

18 Institut AIFB1821.09.2011 Let’s see what happens…

19 Institut AIFB1921.09.2011 WIKIPEDIA’S ANSWER: LISTS

20 Institut AIFB2021.09.2011

21 Institut AIFB2121.09.2011

22 Institut AIFB2221.09.2011

23 Institut AIFB2321.09.2011

24 Institut AIFB2421.09.2011 COMPUTER ARE STUPID

25 Institut AIFB2521.09.2011 What humans see

26 Institut AIFB2621.09.2011 What humans see Karlsruhe... has a population of 285,812... is located in Germany... was founded in 1715... has mayor Heinz Fenrich

27 Institut AIFB2721.09.2011 What computers see

28 Institut AIFB2821.09.2011 What computers see Karlsruhe... 285,812... Germany... 1715... Heinz Fenrich

29 Institut AIFB2921.09.2011 COMPUTER DON ‘ T MAKE CONNECTIONS

30 Institut AIFB3021.09.2011 COMPUTER NEED OUR HELP

31 Institut AIFB3121.09.2011

32 Institut AIFB3221.09.2011 THE IDEA

33 Institut AIFB3321.09.2011

34 Institut AIFB3421.09.2011

35 Institut AIFB3521.09.2011

36 Institut AIFB3621.09.2011

37 Institut AIFB3721.09.2011 37 Wikipedia today Brač is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea. The island has a population of 13,000, living in numerous little towns, ranging from the 'main town' Supetar, with more than 2,500 inhabitants, to Novo Selo, where only a dozen people live.CroatianAdriatic SeaSupetarNovo Selo Today, Brač lives mostly on tourism, but fishing and agriculture (especially wine and olives) are very important too, as is selling its precious, white stone (which was used in building Diocletian's Palace in Split, and is built into the White House in Washington, DC, too).tourismfishingagriculturewineolives Diocletian's PalaceSplitWhite House Washington, DC Category: Croatian IslandCroatian Island

38 Institut AIFB3821.09.2011 38 How are they linked? Brač Croatia BračAdriatic Sea BračSupetar BračNovo Selo Bračtourism Bračfishing Bračagriculture

39 Institut AIFB3921.09.2011 39 How are they linked? Brač belongs toCroatia BračAdriatic Sea BračSupetar BračNovo Selo Bračtourism Bračfishing Bračagriculture

40 Institut AIFB4021.09.2011 40 How are they linked? Brač belongs toCroatia Bračlocated inAdriatic Sea BračSupetar BračNovo Selo Bračtourism Bračfishing Bračagriculture

41 Institut AIFB4121.09.2011 41 How are they linked? Brač belongs toCroatia Bračlocated inAdriatic Sea Bračhas townSupetar Bračhas townNovo Selo Bračtourism Bračfishing Bračagriculture

42 Institut AIFB4221.09.2011 42 How are they linked? Brač belongs toCroatia Bračlocated inAdriatic Sea Bračhas townSupetar Bračhas townNovo Selo Bračlivesontourism Bračlives onfishing Bračlives onagriculture

43 Institut AIFB4321.09.2011 43 Brač is a [[Croatia]]n island with an area of 396 km². Brač is a [[belongs to::Croatia]]n island with an area of [[area::396 km²]]. Typed links Extend wiki with typed links So the computer “understands” it BračCroatia belongs to area 396 km²

44 Institut AIFB4421.09.2011 Karlsruhe is a city in [[Germany]].[[Country::Germany]]. SubjectPredicateObject Karlsruhe Germany Country Karlsruhe Heinz Fenrich Mayor Heinz Fenrich Male Gender

45 Institut AIFB4521.09.2011 Annotating with templates {{City |Mayor=Heinz Fenrich |Population=285812 |Country=Germany }}

46 Institut AIFB4621.09.2011 46 Semantic MediaWiki Extension of MediaWiki Popular Wiki engine Powers Wikipedia Wikis are websites that anyone can edit Easy to use Extends MediaWiki by enabling… Typed links Property – Value Inline queries New ways to explore the content Open source and well documented We will learn how to use Semantic MediaWiki (SMW)

47 Institut AIFB4721.09.2011 Slide 47 Overview of semantic markup To add a page P to category C type [[Category:C]] on page P To make a typed link of type R from page P1 to page P2 type [[R::P2]] on page P1 To state the value V of an attribute A on page P type [[A::V]] on page P Example:

48 Institut AIFB4821.09.2011 Data values and types Attributes like [[birthdate::February 27 1978]] or [[population::3,635,389]] must know the type of the value This is done by adding [[has type::T]] on the page of the attribute Available, predefined types: Page String Number Boolean Date Text Code Temperature Telephone number Record URL Email Annotation URI Geographic coordinate (S Maps) Enumeration Custom units

49 Institut AIFB4921.09.2011 Add your own information Now add information about yourself For example: nationality, affiliation, age, birthday, hair color, likes… Save or preview to see if and how the information has been understood Blue links mean there is a page about it Red link means there is no page about it

50 Institut AIFB5021.09.2011 50 Semantic Forms Example from http://www.chickipedia.comhttp://www.chickipedia.com Semantic Forms [[developer::Yaron Koren]] Forms can make the wiki look like a database application, but remain still much more flexible.

51 Institut AIFB5121.09.2011 Collaborative ontology engineering There are pages describing categories and properties Informal description Can be discussed Can be edited Extensional descript. List of all instances But: only direct ones Supercategories

52 Institut AIFB5221.09.2011 Slide 52 Social aspects Task: come up with a vocabulary and the relation between the vocabularies for the whole group, using the wiki How to decide which properties and categories are important? How to define the properties or categories? How to ensure high quality data? What does it mean? How to control the wiki knowledge base and its growth? Browse the wiki to see the results and connections

53 Institut AIFB5321.09.2011 Querying the knowledge Go to Special:Ask Enter a query Queries look like this: Conditions on a category: [[Category:X]] Conditions on a property: [[R::X]] Property conditions can be ranges, [[R::>X]], [[R::<X]] Property conditions: any value [[R::+]] Print statements: ?R Examples follow See also online docs

54 Institut AIFB5421.09.2011 Query examples [[population::>1,000,000]] anything with a population of over a Million [[located in::Korea]] anything that is located in Korea [[affiliation::+]] anything that has any stated affiliation [[Category:Tutor]] all tutors [[Category:Tutor||Student]] all tutors or students (logical or) [[Category:Tutor]] [[Category:Student]] everyone who is both

55 Institut AIFB5521.09.2011 Querying and social aspects Querying can only be done on aligned vocabularies If half of the people use “affiliation” and the other half “works for” you cannot query the knowledge easily Inside SMW, information integration usually happens with social tools, not with technology Gardening tools can help with aligning vocabularies, but not replace them Tools that allow you to rename a property throughout the wiki Or to join two different names

56 Institut AIFB5621.09.2011 Querying the wiki {{#ask: [[Category:City]] [[Mayor.Gender::Female]] | sort=Population }}

57 Institut AIFB5721.09.2011 Querying the wiki {{#ask: [[Category:Country]] [[Continent::North America]] |?Population }}

58 Institut AIFB5821.09.2011 Result rendering

59 Institut AIFB5921.09.2011 Querying the wiki {{#ask: [[Category:Country]] [[Continent::North America]] |?Population |format=piechart }}

60 Institut AIFB6021.09.2011 Pie chart

61 Institut AIFB6121.09.2011 Querying the wiki {{#ask: [[Category:Country]] [[Continent::North America]] |?Population |format=barchart }}

62 Institut AIFB6221.09.2011 Bar chart

63 Institut AIFB6321.09.2011 Templates Results of a query (1) rendered by a template (2) (1) {{#ask: [[Category:Employee]] [[Position::Professor||Professorin]] | ?Picture | ?Telephon | ?Email | ?Room | sort=Lastname | format=template | template=Personlist }} {{#ask: [[Category:Employee]] [[Position::Professor||Professorin]] | ?Picture | ?Telephon | ?Email | ?Room | sort=Lastname | format=template | template=Personlist }} (2)

64 Institut AIFB6421.09.2011 Timeline http://www.techpresentations.org/Conferences {{#ask: [[Category:Conference]] |?Start date |?End date |?Location |sort=Start date |order=desc |format=timeline |timelineposition=today |timelinebands=DAY,MONTH, YEAR |limit=5000 }} {{#ask: [[Category:Conference]] |?Start date |?End date |?Location |sort=Start date |order=desc |format=timeline |timelineposition=today |timelinebands=DAY,MONTH, YEAR |limit=5000 }}

65 Institut AIFB6521.09.2011 Calendar format http://discoursedb.org/wiki/Opinion_calendar {{#ask: [[Category:Items]] [[Was published on::>{{#calendarstartdate:}}]] [[Was published on::<{{#calendarenddate:}}]] |? Was published on |limit=200 |format=calendar }} {{#ask: [[Category:Items]] [[Was published on::>{{#calendarstartdate:}}]] [[Was published on::<{{#calendarenddate:}}]] |? Was published on |limit=200 |format=calendar }}

66 Institut AIFB6621.09.2011 Graph {{#ask: [[Category:Person]] | ?has child | ?knows | format=graph | graphcolor=Yes | graphlink=Yes | graphlegend=Yes | graphlabel=No | graphsize=10,10 | rankdir=TB }} {{#ask: [[Category:Person]] | ?has child | ?knows | format=graph | graphcolor=Yes | graphlink=Yes | graphlegend=Yes | graphlabel=No | graphsize=10,10 | rankdir=TB }}

67 Institut AIFB6721.09.2011 Process diagram {{#ask: [[Category:Process Step]] [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ?has OrSuccessor=hasorsuccessor | ?has Successor=hassuccessor | ?hascontruesuccessor | ?hasconfalsesuccessor | ?has Condition=hascondition | ?has Role=hasrole | ?uses Resource=usesresource | ?has Status=hasstatus | format=process | graphsize=12,12 | graphvalidation=no | showroles=yes | showstatus=yes | showresources=yes }} {{#ask: [[Category:Process Step]] [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ?has OrSuccessor=hasorsuccessor | ?has Successor=hassuccessor | ?hascontruesuccessor | ?hasconfalsesuccessor | ?has Condition=hascondition | ?has Role=hasrole | ?uses Resource=usesresource | ?has Status=hasstatus | format=process | graphsize=12,12 | graphvalidation=no | showroles=yes | showstatus=yes | showresources=yes }}

68 Institut AIFB6821.09.2011

69 Institut AIFB6921.09.2011 GOOGLE MAPS

70 Institut AIFB7021.09.2011

71 Institut AIFB7121.09.2011 External data reuse Computer understands wiki content Knowledge based applications A number of export formats RDF/XML, SPARQL, RDFa, CSV, JSON, iCal, vCard, Bibtex,... RDF APIs in programming languages Java, JavaScript, C/C++, Python, Ruby, Haskell,.Net, PHP, Common Lisp, Prolog, … Standards based URIs, XML, RDF, OWL, SPARQL, …

72 Institut AIFB7221.09.2011 QUESTIONS? Thank you for your attention! http://semantic-mediawiki.org

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