1. Warm-Up Fri, Feb 19 Write an adjective for each of the following terms: Assassination of Franz Ferdinand No-Man’s land Armistice (use your reader if you have to)

2. Warfare Strategies Kaiser Willhelm begged Tsar Nicholas not to proceed. They were cousins and long- time friends. Tsar to Kaiser 1 August 1914 Peter's Court, Palace, 1 August 1914 Sa Majesté l'Empereur Berlin I received your telegram. Understand you are obliged to mobilise but wish to have the same guarantee from you as I gave you, that these measures do not mean war and that we shall continue negotiating for the benefit of our countries and universal peace deal to all our hearts. Our long proved friendship must succeed, with God's help, in avoiding bloodshed. Anxiously, full of confidence await your answer. Nicky What Germany was facing

3. Warfare Strategies Russia, France and Serbia were all at war with Germany. Germany knew they were surrounded and would have to fight a 2-front war. What Germany was facing

5. Warfare Strategies Schlieffen Plan Purpose: Prevent a 2-front war. March through Belgium, and defeat the French on the Western front before the Russians could mobilize. Then put all forces on the Eastern front. German Strategy Plan:

6. Schlieffen Plan

7. Warfare Strategies Result of Schlieffen Plan : Fail -Germany underestimated both the Belgians and the Russians. The Belgians were able to hold up the German advance at forts at Antwerp, Liege and Namur -Because of this delay, the French then had time to move North to confront the German army -The Russians were able to mobilize their troops in 10 days instead of the expected 6 weeks -Because the Germans invaded Belgium, Britain entered the war. -The German advance was stopped by the French forces and the BEF at the Battle of the Marne, and the German army was forced to retreat north

8. Warfare Strategies The other players: 1.Britain entered Aug 4, 1914. 2.With Britain’s entry into the war, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and South Africa sent help in terms of money, soldiers and equipment. 3.Japan, honoring a military agreement with Britain declared war on Germany Aug 23, 1914. 4.Italy, switched sides and joined the Allies in May 1915.

9. Warfare Strategies -The German advance was stopped by the French forces and the BEF at the Battle of the Marne, and the German army was forced to retreat north. - Both sides tried to hold their advantage by creating a “defense” on Germany’s western front. Thus began trench warfare in Europe.

12. War in Europe

13. Warfare Strategies is a form of land warfare in which troops defend their position by fighting from trenches (or ditches). Significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous case of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It causes stalemate, attrition and ineffectiveness in conflict Trench warfare

15. Strategically The main purpose is to defend what ground you already have. Trench warfare in WWI created HIGH numbers of casualties.

17. Conditions… Conditions in the trenches were horrible… -cold and damp in the winter and often flooded with rain -muddy trenches were overrun with rats and stinking cesspools -soldiers clothes were infested with lice -many developed trench foot (a condition which caused their feet to swell and turn black) -an injured limb might require amputation because medical supplies were limited and repair not possible -many were left to die in no man’s land because a rescue was too dangerous -men were constantly in fear for their lives either from exploding shells or sniper fire

22. Medically… Can occur with as little as 13 hours of exposure Trench foot occurs when feet are cold and damp while wearing constricting footwear. Unlike frostbite, trench foot does not require freezing temperatures. Trench foot can be prevented by keeping the feet warm and dry. Soldiers would be paired and each made responsible for the feet of the other.

23. After the Armistice he had difficulty finding work but eventually became a coffin-maker.Armistice At the age of ninety-two, Savage was interviewed about his experiences during the First World War.First World War “My memories are of sheer terror and the horror of seeing men sobbing because they had trench foot that had turned gangrenous. They knew they were going to lose a leg. Memories of lice in your clothing, driving you crazy. Filth and lack of privacy. Of huge rats that showed no fear of you as they stole your food rations. And cold deep wet mud everywhere. And of course, corpses. I'd never seen a dead body before I went to war. But in the trenches the dead are lying all around you. You could be talking to the fellow next to you when suddenly he'd be hit by a sniper and fall dead beside you. And there he's stay for days.” Arthur Savage was born in 1899. Unemployed, he joined the British Army in 1916.British Army Soon after arriving on the Western Front Savage was ordered to go on a firing squad where he had to execute one of his own men.Western Front

25. OUTPUT Write a letter home to your parents describing life in the trenches. Make sure you use the following vocabulary words in your letter. HIGHLIGHT THEM PINK. Trench WarfareMud DampStalemate RatsDead(th) Noisy Rations TrenchfootSleep

26. Warm-UpTue, Feb 23 Get a textbook. Find the World War I UNIT. SKIM through the pages on World War I – Do you see anything interesting? – What catches your attention?