1. Bellringer  Using the map you completed for homework, answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down) on a piece of paper titled: “Bellringer, 12/6/11”  Name 4 countries that are a part of “Latin America”.  What European nation owns most of the land in Latin America?  What did Touissant L’Ouverture do for the people of Haiti? (think back to your Napoleon notes)  What events were going on around the world that might influence revolutions in Latin America? (Hint: think about nationalism!)  BJOTD: Why do bees have sticky hair?

2. Notes: Winning Independence in Latin America: 1700s-1800

3. 1. Where is Latin America?

4. 2. What caused the people of the Latin American colonies to rebel?

5. 3. Who were the people of Latin America trying to free themselves from, and why?

6. 3. What was life like for the people of Latin America under European Rule?  Government in LA like the government in Europe (Europeans on top!)  Catholicism forced on the natives  Natives forced into slave- like roles for mining

7. Latin American Society  1 st - Peninsulars – men born in Spain (.1%)  2 nd - Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America(22.8%)  3 rd - Mestizos- European and Indian descent (7.3%)  4 th - Mulattos- European and African descent (7.8%)  5 th - Indians- (55.8%)  Mestizos, Mulattos and Indians were always discriminated against  Creoles (native-borns) were educated and traveled to Spain often. They did not believe they were getting the same rights as Spaniards. They followed Enlightenment ideas Peninsulars Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Indians

8. 5. How did Venezuela, Columbia, Argentina, Chile, and Peru gain independence (1811-1824)? o Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin were both creoles o Simon Bolivar declared Venezuela independent from Spain in 1811, but fought for its freedom and the freedom of Columbia until 1821. o Jose de San Martin worked to free Argentina, Chile, and Peru. o He and Bolivar met in 1822, and they combined their armies to defeat the Spanish o Bolivar used the combined army to defeat the Spanish completely at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824 Simon Bolivar Jose San Martin

9. 6. How did Mexico gain its independence? Started with Father Miguel Hidalgo, a believer in the Enlightenment Hidalgo led an army of 60,000 Indian and Mestizo followers against the Spanish He died in 1811, but his work was carried on by others 1821- Mexico declared independence from Spain

10. 7. How did Brazil get its independence? Portugal’s royal family fled to Brazil to escape Napoleon during the Peninsular War When Portugal’s monarchy was restored in Europe, the creoles asked Dom Pedro (the son of the King of Portugal) to rule Brazil independently from Portugal On September 7, 1822 Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent. Dom Pedro

11. 8. What was going on in the United States? The Monroe Doctrine (1823) Latin American nations were acknowledged by the US to be independent The United States would regard as a threat to their national security any attempt by European powers to take over any independent state in the Western Hemisphere