1. Misug JIN(diana@krivet.re.kr) KRIVET(Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training)

2.  I. Background of Korea and Skills Development in Korea  II. Challenges of Korea and Skills development  III. Identifying and Delivering Future Skills Needs  IV. Skills Development for Green Growth 2

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4.  Miraculous economic growth 65 US $ in 1961 to US 10,000$ to 19,231 300 times for 35 years 13 th largest in GDP, 50 th in GDP per capita  Resilient economy Overcame financial crisis in 1997 and approaching to overcoming global financial crisis in recent years  Highly educated(With scarce resources); Top rank in PISA and TIMMS 95% of literacy and 80% of high school graduates enter to college. 50 million people 4

5.  1.Government Driven VET System Vocational Training Act(1961)-> Promotion Act for Workers’ Vocational Training(1998)-> Workers’ Skills Development Act(2008), Employment Insurance Act (30%of the Fund to skills development)  2.Fast Response to the skills demand for economic development. VET policies was integrated with Economic Growth Plan Separate HR system from general education and higher education  3. Focus on lower level technicians and manufacturing industry, construction, etc.  3.Buffering for the unemployed in the end of nineties under financial crisis.  4.Tools for social inclusion of the disadvantged groups I-2.The VET system, so far

6. 6 Trend of Unemployment

7. Paradigm Shift of Skills Training Skills mismatch Transforma tion of economic structure Demogra phic Change Green Growth and low carbon economy Increase of Inequity

8. II-1.Needs for innovative economy  Transformation of the Economy Search for New Growth Technology (No more price competitiveness but quality competitiveness) IT, BT, GT(Green Technology ) Emphasize the innovation in R&D, production (Depends on Large size global company such as Samsung and Hyundai)  High technology, knowledge-based industry, service industry->Need creativity, highly Skilled people  Requires more creative education system and Change of Skills development System

9.  From providers-based to trainees/demanders- based Introduction of Individual Skills Development Account,2009 Establishment of Sector Councils for HRD  From low skilled to middle and advanced skills ◦ Until the early 1990s, more than 90% of vocational training programs focused on the training of skills related to the manufacturing industry (e.g. mechanics, printing, metals, etc). In 2008, 50% on skills relevant to non-manufacturing industries such as the knowledge-based service or printing and media service industries. ◦ Broaden the contents to knowledge service industry from mainly manufacturing industry  Integrative of VET and HRD in S&T and R&D activities II-2.Paradigm Shift of Skills Development

10.  Creation of Jobs through skills development? Yes. Limited in Some industry needed for skills ->Necessary Condition:skills development can create jobs ◦ Make learning more relevant to the demand of the labor markets  Yes, but only if skills development along with job creation effort and social safety net  Relevant and Flexible, Creative Skills Development along with other direct strategy to create jobs  Create Alternative employment such as in the third sector(NGO, NPO), self-employed professionals, social services industry, knowledge services industry.  Based only on Social Safety Net.

11. 11 Advanced level Middle level of jobs Low level of jobs The highly educated High school graduate elementary Supply Side Demand Side 2.5 millon of Highly educated poured into labor market 100,000 decent jobs such as lobs in large size company,etc) Employmnet induction coefficient dropped from 24.4->14.7 during last 20 years Graphic Image of Skills Mismatch in Korea

12. 12 Advanced level Middle level of jobs Low level of jobs The highly educated High school graduate elementary Supply SideDemand Side Graphic Image of Skills Mismatch in Korea

13. Economic Growth Investment of Enterprise Create Jobs Education and Training Employment and productivity 13 Only limited industries and cases: shortage in skills

14. Relevant /Diverse/Flex ible Skills Development HR with creativity, entrepreneur ship, high skills Create more Jobs 14 Social Safety Net( Basic Needs Employmnet Insurance, Education, Health)

15.  Manpower demand prediction,  Training Needs Survey of Providers and Trainees  Skills Survey started by KRIVET “Definition of Skills” Weak Information Infra-structure  Sector Councils for HRD for identifying skills need In 2003, SCHRDs started.:3 SCs(machnery, electronic,e-biz) 7 more: Steels/heavy metals SCHRD, Shipbuilding SCHRD, Automobile SCHRD, Textile SCHRD, Petrochemical SCHRD, Semi-conductor SCHRD, and Display SCHRD New SCHRDs in industries including green finance, new renewable energy, global healthcare, ubiquitous sensors in green growth Attempt for New Excellent Training Center under Sector Councils ◦ Building Information Infrastructure

16.  5 Year green growth Plan(2009-2003):83.6 billion dollar, 2% of GDP. 960,000 job creation  For green jobs, the highly skilled workers, like R&D HR as well as manual workers like cleaning the city and caring forests. ◦ Green New Deal  In addition, the environmentally friendly competence for all.

17. 3 Core Fields and 12 Essential Programs  Green SOC(Revitalizing the "Four Rivers“,Establishing Green Transportation Network,Green National Information Infrastructure)  Low carbon/High efficiency industrial technolog y(Alternative Water Resources,Green Cars and Clean Energy, Expansion of Resource Recycling)  Eco-friendly/Green life(Forest Biomass,Green Home and Green Building,Formation of Green Living Spaces) A majority of the financial spending on the civil engineering and green construction public works  97.6% of the total green jobs through the Green New Deal are mostly manual workers for temporary employment 17

18. BasicMiddleAdvancedTotal Green Jobs 45,88235,569204,931286,382 % 1612.471.6100 Green related Jobs 187,069 448,30 0 430,9911,066,360 % 17.54240.4100 Green Jobs and Green related Job s by Skill Level (2007) Green Jobs and Green related Job s by Skill Level (2007) Basic level : ISCED 3A, High school graduates, craftsmen Middle level : ISCED 5B, 2 or 3 year college graduates, technicians, industrial engineers Advanced level : ISCED 5A, 4 year university graduates, managers, researchers, engineers, professional engineers

19.  Strengthening information infrastructure related to green jobs and green skills  Skill development and lifelong learning (convergence)  -To make some consensus abou skills Development schemes and definition  Career development for green collar workers  Integrative utilization of VET system  - Need for national commission for integrative policy implementation  Increase of Quality of VET and Evaluation  -Improving curriculum and Teacher quality 19

20. 20 Thank you! 감사합니다