1. What to do: Get out stuff for notes. Today has quite a bit so we NEED to start ASAP.

2. Dev’d vs Dev’ing regions Developed Mixed crop & livestock Dairying Grain Ranching Mediterranean Commercial gardening Developing Pastoral nomadism Shifting cultivation Intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant Intensive subsistence, crops other than rice Own consumption, some leftovers sold to gov’t or businesses

3. Pastoral Nomadism Herding domesticated animals Common in arid climates Obtain grain from farmers in exchange for animal products Size of herd shows wealth, type of animals shows prestige Gov’ts have tried to “resettle” nomads into permanent settlements

4. Shifting Cultivation Tropical climates “slash-and-burn” Ashes fertilize soil, farmers farm for 3 yrs, leave it to be overgrown and go to a new place or cycle Inefficient b/c requires lot of land for few ppl Leads to deforestation

5. Intensive sub. w/wet rice Agricultural density is high so E & S Asia have little land & lack funds for eq. Use every part of land possible More likely to use double cropping Why is rice whitened when sold commercially?

6. Intensive sub. w/other crops Wheat most common worldwide Crop rotation common to avoid soil exhaustion – Major downfall of shifting cultivation

7. Plantation farming Large commercial farm with 1-2 cash crops Owned by Europeans or N. Americans; worked by local ppl “imported” from the area Processed on site Most well known: – Cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, tea, bananas, coconuts, palm oil

8. Dev’d countries Products sold to processing companies not consumers

9. Mixed crop and livestock Crops fed to the animals rather than consumed by humans Income is from sale of animal products Crop rotation

10. Commercial gardening Long growing season & humid climate & access to markets Grow fruits & veggies – Sold to processors for canning or freezing Relatively profitable

11. Dairy farming Needs to be near markets Sell milk to wholesalers not consumers Labor intensive & expensive

12. Grain farming Primarily for consumption by humans but sold to manufacturers to make cereals & breads Easy to store & transport Combine now reaps, threshes, and cleaning Great Plains are world’s “breadbasket”

13. Mediterranean agriculture Human consumption Olives & grapes – Wine, cooking oil

14. Livestock ranching Commercial grazing of livestock over a large area Sent to slaughtered and processed by meat packers Barbed wire changed how ranchers operated