1. Acids and Bases Chapter 19

2. Arrhenius Acids- hydrogen containing compounds that ionize to yield H + ions in an aqueous solution Begins with H Bases- compounds that ionize to yield hydroxide (OH - ) ions in an aqueous solution End in OH

3. Hydronium Ion Hydrogen ions do not stay present in an aqueous solution Hydrogen bonds to water molecules to form hydronium ions (H 3 O + )

4. Naming Acids Follow the chart on the back of the periodic table! Naming Bases Name it the same as you would any other ionic compound Will end in hydroxide

5. Practice H 2 Se Ca(OH) 2 RbOH H 3 P B(OH) 3 HNO 2 H 2 C 4 H 4 O 6

6. pH Scale Introduced by Danish chemist Soren Sorensen in 1909 “Power of Hydrogen” Logarithmic scale

7. pH Scale

8. 0-6 is Acidic 7 is Neutral (Pure Water) 8-14 is Basic

9. Br Ø nsted-Lowry Acid- A hydrogen ion donor Base- A hydrogen ion acceptor

10. Neutralization Reaction Neutralization: a reaction in which the pH of an acid is raised by combining with a base, or the pH of a base is lowered by combining with an acid; complete neutralization results in a pH of 7

11. Neutralization Reaction Double replacement reaction Follows the formula: Acid + Base  Water + Salt *Salt means any ionic compound

12. Example HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  H 2 O (l) + NaCl(aq)

13. Predict and Balance…. 1. ____HBr + ____ NaOH  2. ____H 2 S + ____ Ba(OH) 2  3. ____ H 3 PO 4 + ____ Ca(OH) 2  4. ____ H 2 SO 4 + ____ KOH  5. ____ HNO 3 + ____ NH 4 OH  6. ____ HC 2 H 3 O 2 + ____ AgOH 

14. Another Review…. How do you solve for molarity?

15. Solve A volume of a 37 mL of 0.36 M KCN neutralizes a 75 mL sample of HClO solution. What is the concentration of HClO? What volume of 6.0 M HCl is needed to neutralize a 45.0 mL sample of 3.0 M NaOH?

16. Buffers Buffer- a solution in which the pH remains fairly constant when small amounts of acid or base are added. How do they work? A buffer solution contains components that react with the hydrogen ions and another component that reacts with the hydroxide ions

17. Buffers Different buffers have different capacities- which is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer solution before a significant pH change occurs.