1. ANALOG ELECTRONICS

2. PREPARED BY: KAMLESH ROHIT : 130950109077

3. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

4. Oscillator principle Oscillators are circuits that generate periodic signals. An oscillator converts DC power from power supply to AC signals power spontaneously – without the need for an AC input source (Note: Amplifiers convert DC power into AC output power only if an external AC input signal is present.) There are several approaches to design of oscillator circuits. The approach to be discussed is related to the feedback using amplifiers. A frequency-selective feedback path around an amplifier is placed to return part of the output signal to the amplifier input, which results in a circuit called a linear oscillator that produces an approximately sinusoidal output. Under proper conditions, the signal returned by the feedback network has exactly the correct amplitude and phase needed to sustain the output signal.

5. The Wien-Bridge oscillator Wien-Bridge linear oscillator is a popular one that uses a non-inverting amplifier, resistor and capacitors. To ensure oscillator, we usually require (but only slightly larger hoping to avoid severe distortion due to amplifier clipping.) The frequency of oscillator is

6. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

8. Wien-Bridge Oscillator:

9. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR The Wien bridge oscillator consists of a Wien bridge and an operational amplifier represented by the triangular symbol. Operational amplifiers are integrated circuit amplifiers and have high-voltage gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. The condition for balance for an ac bridge is Z 1 Z 4 = Z 2 Z 3

10. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR : WHERE, Z 3 = R 3 Z 4 = R 4

11. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR if the bridge is balanced both the magnitude and phase angle of the impedances must be equal. These conditions are best satisfied by equating real terms and imaginary terms. Separating and equating the real terms in Eq. 1-3 yields. (1-4) Separating and equating imaginary term

12. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR Where. Substituting for to in equation we can obtain an expression for frequency which is If C 1 = C 2 = C and R 1 = R 2 =R then Eq. 1-4 simplifies yield

13. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR and from Eq. we obtain Where f = frequency of oscillation of the circuit in Hertz C = capacitance in farads R = resistance in ohms

14. WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES : Advantages of Wien-Bridge Oscillator: 1. The frequency of oscillation can be easily varied just by changing RC network 2. High gain due to two-stage amplifier 3. Stability is high Disadvantages of Wien-Bridge Oscillator The main disadvantage of the Wien-bridge oscillator is that a high frequency of oscillation cannot be generated.

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