1. Re-evaluating estimates of impervious cover and riparian zone condition in New England watersheds: Green infrastructure effectiveness at the watershed scale Jessica Morgan 1, N. Detenbeck 2, S. Rego 2, Y.Q. Wang 3 1 ORISE Fellow U.S. EPA, ORD, NHEERL Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI Ph.D. Student, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 2 U.S. EPA, ORD, NHEERL Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 3 Laboratory for Terrestrial Remote Sensing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI 5 U.S. EPA, Region 1, Boston, MA

2. Develop urbanization-response relationships for habitat and biotic communities across New England Compare condition of watersheds with green infrastructure (GI) BMPs/LID with expected condition based on watershed development (90% CI) –Historical data –New survey of watersheds with GI BMP/LID EPA Green Infrastructure Initiative - Region 1 RARE Project

3. Preliminary Results – Macroinvertebrates and Periphyton Lower thresholds for impacts than the typical 10-12% impervious cover reported in the literature (Smucker et al. 2013, Detenbeck et al. 2013) 30m National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) may be underestimating impervious cover and riparian zone condition

4. Potential for improvement… Macroinvertebrate/Periphyton/Temperature Models Could benefit from improved impervious cover and riparian zone cover estimates using 1m National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data 1m NAIP imageryClassified 1m NAIP data30m NLCD data

5. 1m NAIP DOQQ Mallets Creek, VT

6. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Create NDVI band to extract water class NDVI = (NIR — VIS)/(NIR + VIS) NIR = Near infrared, VIS= Visible red Source: NASA

7. NDVI Band for Mallets Creek

8. Water Classification for Mallets Creek

9. Adding in LIDAR Data Credit: RIGIS

10. nDSM for Mallets Creek

11. Intensity Band RI Lidar Tile 19_02864632

12. Forest/Agriculture/Grass Classification for Mallets Creek

13. Impervious Classification for Mallets Creek – Before Road Data

14. Impervious Classification for Mallets Creek – After Road Data

15. Impervious Classification for Mallets Creek

16. Putting it all together… (with a conditional)

17. Accuracy Assessment ERDAS IMAGINE Stratified Random Sampling – 50 points/strata Original data set and Google Earth historical imagery as reference data

18. Accuracy Assessment Overall = 90.23% Kappa = 0.88 Conditional Kappas Water = 0.95 Impervious = 0.93 Forest/Tree = 0.95 Agriculture = 0.81 Grass/Other = 0.76

19. IA Comparison ClassCurrent Study 2011 Lake Champlain NLCD 2006 NLCD 2011 Impervious.09 km 2 / 1.70km 2.08 km 2 / 1.49km 2.05 km 2 1.07km 2.06 km 2 / 1.23km 2 Watershed/Whole Tile

20. Questions? morgan.jessica@epa.gov