1. YOUTHS WHO SEXUALLY HARM: A MULTIVARIATE MODEL OF BEHAVIOUR LOUISE ALMOND MSc. BSc. Centre for Investigative Psychology

2. CONTENTS Previous studies Aims of the study Sample and data Results Conclusions Implication and future research

3. Heterogeneity of Population Display full range of sexual behaviours Various forms of coercion Low to medium frequencies No behaviour is “typical” Identifiable subgroup? Current research Single dimension approach

4. Adult literature Multivariate statistical procedures Rape and paedophilia Scale of violation Sexual, Physical and Personal Interpersonal behaviour Interaction between perpetrator and victim Victim as Object (Criminal, Control and Theft) Victim as Person (Intimate, involvement) Victim as Vehicle (Aggressive, Hostility)

5. Aims of study Do the behaviours of youths who sexually harm conform to a scale of violation. Do the behaviours reflect the three themes of interaction between the perpetrator and their victim. Do youths who sexually harm demonstrate one dominant theme of behaviour

6. Sample and Data 300 youths Mean age 14.3 years (range 9-18 years) 292 (97%) males 8 (3%) females Data collection form Dichotomous approach Smallest space analysis (SSA)

7. Results Sexual Physical

8. Scale of violation Sexual Violation Medium frequency behaviours Physical Violation Low frequency behaviours Lack of Personally Violating behaviours

9. Results

10. Behavioural Themes Victim as Object sexual and instrumental gratification Victim as Person Pseudo intimate relationship Victim as Vehicle vent their anger and frustration

11. Testing the Model Three behavioural themes, Victim as Object, Person or Vehicle Criteria Total 258 (86%) Victim as Object 45 (15%) Victim as Person 124 (41%) Victim as Vehicle (30%)

12. Conclusions Behaviours represent different levels of violation Each of three themes of interaction between perpetrator and victim is made up of subset of behaviours Majority of cases reflect one dominant theme of behaviour Model represents underlying structure in the behaviour displayed by youths who sexually harm.

13. Implications and Future Research Differentiation between youths Tailored interventions Risk assessment Relationship between theme of behaviour and perpetrator characteristics

14. Any Questions lalmond@liv.ac.uk