2. Ancient Greece 1900-133 BC

3. Section 1. The First Greek Civilizations

4. Geography

5. zMountainous zSurrounded by the sea

6. Result: ySeafaring people yMany different ways of life

7. zSmall Rivers=no need for powerful priesthood

8. zMediterranean climate= yOutdoor life yMany men could participate in govt.

9. The Minoans

10. Crete 2000-1400 BC

11. zHighly civilized zSea trading people zInfluenced by Egypt and Mesopotamia zSource of Greek Culture

12. “Labyrinth” Palace at Knossos

13. Sacred Minoan Bull

14. Minoan Bull Jumping

15. Destroyed by natural disaster and invaders

16. The Mycenaeans 1600-1100 BC

17. Main city: Mycenae

18. Led by Warrior Kings http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/3006/gallery.html

19. zBronze Age culture zInfluenced by the Minoans

20. Lion’s Gate at Mycenae 1

21. Mycenae Today 1

22. Trojan War 1200 BC 2

23. Troy

24. Homer 2

25. zIlliad--story of the Trojan War zOdyssey return of Odysseus

26. Helen and Priam 1

27. The Trojan Horse

28. Achilles 2

29. zarete--ideal of excellence and virtue

30. zHeinrich Schliemann 1870 zDiscovered Mycenae and Troy

31. Troy Today 1

32. The Fall of Mycenae zWeakened by earthquakes and internecine (internal struggle) fighting

33. The Dorian Invasion 1100-750 BC zBarbarian Greeks z400 year Dark Age

34. Section 2: The Greek City-States

35. z40-500 sq. miles z20,000 people The Typical City- State (Polis)

36. agora--marketplace

37. The Heart of the City

38. 2 Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city

39. Acropolis 2 Agora

40. Political structure zCitizens--Greek males zAristocrats: hereditary rulers—usually landowners

41. zMonarchy zOligarchy zDirect democracy Many kinds of governments

42. 14

45. Tyrants zSometimes seized the government and took land from the rich and gave it to the poor

46. zTyranny died out by 5 th Century BC

47. zGreek Colonies

48. zAll around the Mediterranean and Black Seas zRelieved population pressures

49. New Kind of Army zIron weapons=increased democracy

50. 2 Hoplite soldiers-- spear and shield

51. zPhalanx--block formation zDemocracy: Every man in the army

52. Sumerian Phalanx

53. Sparta and Athens

54. Sparta

55. 730 Sparta controls Peloponnesus

56. zFear of Peasant slave (helots) revolt=

57. military state

58. Boys learn military discipline The Boy and the Fox

59. Spartan lifestyle-- military, austere ylifetime in the military (age 20-60) ystate dedicated to the army

60. Spartan Hoplite 8 Phalanx

61. Spartan Woman 8

62. Spartan Values: duty, strength and discipline over all

63. Spartan Government zOligarchy z2 Kings

64. Athens

65. Draco’s Laws zAthens ruled by Aristocrats zDraconian Laws=debt slavery zAthens verged on Civil War

66. Solon’s Reforms

67. zOverturned Draconian Laws zFreed slaves

68. Cleisthenes’s Reforms-=citizen’s assembly, basis of Athenian democracy