1. It’s Monday! Turn in last week’s bellwork and get a new one. This is Week of 9/21-9/25 Work on Main Idea Monday.

2. Work on T-Cap Tuesday. Your question is on the small square piece of paper, next to the bellwork tray. When done, get out paper for notes and label “Spread and Split of Islam Notes” 4 th and 7 th periods, turn in last week’s bellwork and get a new one. Have Important People and Timeline sheets handy

3. Muhammad’s father-in-law Abu Bakr became the 1 st caliph (successor) Some clans left Islam, refused to pay taxes, declared self prophets. Abu Bakr used military force to reunite Arabia and then went to Iraq and Syria. The first four caliphs called the “rightly guided caliphs” because they used the Qur’an and Sunnah to guide.

4. Calligraphic representation of Abu Bakr in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey.

5. Victorious and spread quickly because saw victories as Allah’s support and armies were disciplined and highly skilled During this time Persian and Byzantine Empires were fighting each other and persecuted people who didn’t convert to their religions. Islam did not persecute or force conversions People attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope and converting meant no taxes. http://www.vox.com/a/maps-explain-the-middle- east#map-4

6. 656 A.D. civil war breaks out when rebels kill the caliph Uthman. Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law Ali was next caliph but leadership challenged and killed. 661 A.D. Islam splits between Sunni and Shi’a. Sunni (the majority) believed caliph could be any Muslim who follows Muhammad’s example. Shi’a (minority) believed caliph should be a relative of Muhammad.

7. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/01/22/why-sunnis-and-shias-are- fighting-explained-in-two-minutes/

8. Gained control of Central Asia, North Africa, and Spain 732 A.D.-Christian forces stopped Muslim advance into rest of Europe at Battle of Tours. 750 A.D.-ruled from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River

10. Now that Islam is divided between two groups (Sunni and Shi’a), what would the implications or effects of that division?

11. Get out your notes from yesterday. Bellwork for 10/8 Explain how the spread of Islam also helped spread their culture.

12. Read question, then write your answer. Then write classes’ answer. Explain the importance of the Battle of Tours. Don’t tell just what happened, but tell what the implications of that event was.

13. Patterned government what was already used in the lands won from the Byzantine Empire. Caliphs ruled from Damascus but appointed governors called emirs to run provinces and emir relied on clan leaders Empire had many different languages so Arabic was declared the official government language.

14. Read the question, think of the answer and when prompted, share with partner. Then write down the classes’ answer 1.Why would the Umayyads use the same government instead of replacing it with their own? 2.Why was it important that one language was determined to be the official government language?

15. Accused of living luxuriously and protests started Abbasids gained support and took power Umayyads fled to Spain, gained strength, beat opposing factions and ruled Muslim Spain. But began to fall apart in 1200s and Christians pushed out by 1400s.

16. Read question then write your answer Then write classes’ answer The Umayyads rule ended because they were “living luxuriously” and this caused protest. What can you infer about the lives of regular people during their rule? How is this similar to the Roman Empire?

18. Get out your notes from yesterday. Bellwork for 10/9 Look back at your notes. While the Umayyads were losing power, who was gaining it?

19. While Umayyads were falling apart, Abbasids held power with a huge standing army, stationing them throughout the empire. They declared ALL Muslims, Arab or non-Arab were equal. Capital moved from Damascus to Baghdad because closer to their supporters Baghdad on old trade route so became a major trading center.

22. Read question, think of answer, then write the answer in your notes. How would making all Muslims, Arab or non-Arab, equal help the growth of the Abbasid Rule?

23. Caliphs ignored their responsibilities and didn’t protect the merchants. This hurt trade. Since economy getting bad, they raised taxes, which angered the people. People called the Fatimids were able to drive them out of North Africa. Internal fighting opened them up to outside attacks.

24. Read question, think of answer, then share with partner. Then, write classes’ final answer How is the decline of the Abbasid Empire and the Roman Empire similiar?

25. 1055 A.D.-Seljuk Turks from Central Asia captured Baghdad and took empire but allowed Abbasid caliph to be religious leader The Seljuks converted to Islam and captured Jerusalem in 1071A.D. 1090sA.D.-European Christians launch the Crusades to regain Jerusalem and Constantinople. 1258 the Mongols captured and destroyed Baghdad, killed caliph and Abbasid Empire.

26. 1055 A.D.-Seljuk Turks from Central Asia captured Baghdad and took empire but allowed Abbasid caliph to be religious leader The Seljuks converted to Islam and captured Jerusalem in 1071A.D. 1090sA.D.-European Christians launch the Crusades to regain Jerusalem and Constantinople. 1258 the Mongols captured and destroyed Baghdad, killed caliph and Abbasid Empire.

28. Read question, think of answer, then write your answer down. Be sure to write classes’ answer Why do you think the Seljuk Turks allowed the caliph to live and be the religious leader?