1. Vertebrates - C - Notes EQ: What do most vertebrates have in common? Vertebrates – Physical Characteristics They have backbones, an internal skeleton (endoskeleton), and muscles. They have blood that circulates through blood vessels and lungs (or gills) for breathing. They have a protective skin covering. Most have legs, wings, or fins for movement. They have a nervous system with a brain that processes information from their environment through sensory organs.

2. Vertebrates - C - Notes EQ: How do vertebrates differ in the way that they control their body temperature? Vertebrates – Body Temperature Ectothermic (Cold-Blooded) - body temperature is close to that of their environment. Endothermic (Warm-Blooded) - body temperature stays constant regardless of the temperature of the environment.

3. C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – FISH Cold-blooded (ectothermic) Get oxygen through gills. Have scales and fins Lay eggs in water Live in the water, have swim bladder (↑↓) Ex. – shark, bass, clown fish

4. C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – AMPHIBIANS Cold-blooded, Skin must stay moist (except toads) Breath in water with gills, land with lungs Go through metamorphosis (change appearance) Lay jelly-like eggs in water Frog and salamanders can breath through smooth moist skin Ex. – frogs, toads, salamanders

5. C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – REPTILES Cold-blooded Have scales or plates (dry skin) Most lay eggs with softer shells (on land) Breath with lungs Ex. – alligator, lizards, snakes

6. C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – BIRDS Warm-blooded (endothermic) Lay hard shelled eggs, have feathers Have a beak, wings, two feet, hollow bones Breath with lungs Ex. – sparrow, hawk, penguin, ostrich

7. C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – MAMMALS Warm-blooded Breath with lungs, most have teeth Babies are born alive Have fur or hair, produce milk to feed young Ex. – people, dogs, whales, mice People Mice Whales Dogs