2. Early warning systems and prediction are important in the management of blizzards. People can avoid being caught out in the open by these snowstorms by listening to forecasts and either staying indoors or dressing appropriately. Warnings are issued to people not to travel unnecessarily and motorists are urged to carry a winter weather survival kit, when the risk of a blizzard is high. Salt spreaders or gritters are sent out on roads before and during blizzards to try and melt the snow before it becomes to deep. Snowploughs also patrol roads that are experiencing heavy snowfall during blizzards.

3. A winter weather survival kit usually includes: a shovel windshield scraper and small broom flashlight battery powered radio extra batteries water snack food matches extra hats, socks and mittens First aid kit with pocket knife Necessary medications blanket(s) tow chain or rope road salt and sand booster cables emergency flares fluorescent distress flag

4. Before Winter Storms and Extreme Cold Prepare for possible isolation in your home by having sufficient heating fuel; regular fuel sources may be cut off. For example, store a good supply of dry, seasoned wood for your fireplace or wood- burning stove. Winterize your home to extend the life of your fuel supply by insulating walls and attics, caulking and weather-stripping doors and windows, and installing storm windows or covering windows with plastic. Hire a contractor to check the structural ability of the roof to sustain unusually heavy weight from the accumulation of snow. Surroundings: cut away tree branches that could fall on a house or other structure during a storm. Advice taken from www.fema.gov (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

5. Afterwards Usually the main priority after blizzards is to reopen railways, airlines and roads, as well as thawing out major cities. This is so countries can organise distribution of supplies if needed and so that economies do not suffer further damage from people being unable to get to work. For this snow ploughs and salt spreaders are used to either clear the snow or melt it. Snow-melting machines can also be used. These are able to dispose of up to 60 tonnes of snow per hour. Snow is also cleared by hand with shovels. In cases of more severe blizzards essential supplies and aid have had to be flown in by helicopter for people who become trapped by heavy snowfall.