1. Education

2. Taxonomy Definition – general terminology Glossary of terms used in PPPs National context vs international experiences

3. What is the role of the government? What is the fundamental, non-negotiable role of the government? Need to look at the way partnerships can be subdivided. 1. Ownership 2. Provision 3. Finance 4. M&E Goals: access, equity, quality, efficiency State responsibility – to ensure best possible outcomes, not necessarily who delivers? Meaning a changed role for government to regulatory and oversight responsibilties…

4. How do you avoid the relationship becoming contractual and actually being a partnership? Depends on the organization, for an LNGO a contractual arrangement with government could compromise their role but with other institutions might work It is mainly a matter of how the agreements is developed, what is the role and how will they work? This requires mutual roles and responsibilities and joint goals.

5. How do you create a space for NSPs to participate in policy dialogue? Again it depends on who the NSP is, what they are talking about and what the goal is. Cambodia experience that KAPE has is to work with local governments Inclusion in local education working groups, a seat at the table (e.g. Cambodia)

6. Division of responsibility – for example in the case of INGO/LNGOs, if we are delivering services in partnership with the government how do we still stay at arm’s length to ensure we are the advocates of those who need it? Depends on country context In the case of Cambodia – (applicable to many of the countries in the region)Difficult - situation but you choose your battles and be very judicious, private/informal conversations

7. How can PPPs be used? Practical examples of how PPPs can improve outcomes in the areas of: Organizational reform Capacity building Quality improving Enhancing access and equity Bangladesh case proved the need for a combination of all four dimensions

8. Many case examples but the discussion came back to the fundamental issues of: Definition – terminology National context versus international experiences Roles and responsibility Political will Accountabilities Incentives for Private Partners to deliver public on goals How do we create a PPP?

9. Questions for discussion How do PPPs in social sectors (with multiple variables) compare to areas with more established experiences on PPPs such as infrastructure? Education – core educational services versus school construction Taking a sector wide perspective, PPPs at higher levels or in certain sub-sectors freeing up space and resources for government priorities on lower levels