1. Chapter 3
States of Matter

2. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 3.1
Solids, Liquids, and Gases

3. Describing the States of Matter
Materials can be classified as ______, _______, or ______based on whether their ______ and ________ are definite or variable.
Solid – definite shape and definite volume
Liquid – definite volume but not a definite shape
Gas – neither definite shape or volume

4. Other States of Matter
Plasma – exists at _________ _______ temperatures
BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) – exists at ____ ____ temperatures (below -273ºC)

5. Kinetic Theory Kinetic – from the _______ meaning “to move”
Kinetic energy – energy an object has due to its ________
The kinetic theory of matter says that all _________ of matter are in constant _______.
There are forces of ___________ among the particles in all matter.

6. The Kinetic Theory and the States of Matter
Gases – particles are very ___ _____ from one another and move very ______. Attraction between particles is almost non-existent
Liquids – particles are ______ __________ and move much ________. There is attraction between particles
Solids – particles are _____ ______ together and hardly move at all. Particles are very ____________ to each other.

7. Explaining the behavior of Gases
Gas particles are far apart and moving very, very fast
The constant motion of the gas particles allows a gas to fill a container of any _______ and ______.

8. Explaining the Behavior of Liquids
A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can _____ to new _____________.
The volume of a liquid is _________ because forces of attraction keep the particles ______ _________.

9. Explaining the Behavior of Solids
Solids have a definite _______ and ______ because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.

10. Section 3.2
The Gas Laws

11. Pressure
Pressure is the result of a _________ distributed over an _______.
SI unit is derived from units for force and area (force/area – Newton/square meter)
Pascal (Pa = N/m2)
____________ between particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause the ___________ in a close container of gas.

12. Factor that Affect Gas Pressure
Temperature – raising temperature will _________its pressure if the volume & number of particles stay the same.
Volume – reducing the volume increases its _________ if the temperature and number of particles stay the same.
Number of Particles – increasing the number of particles will __________ the pressure if the temperature stays the same.

13. Charles Law
Named for Jacques _________ ( ) who studied the relationship between _______ and ______________around the turn of the 19th century.
Determined that for the same amount of gas at a constant __________, volume divided by temperature equals a constant.

14. Charles’ Law Formula V1 V2 T1 T2
In other words, they are ____________ proportional.
KNOW THIS FORMULA AND HOW TO USE IT!!
___
____ =

15. Boyle’s Law
Named for Robert _______ ( ), who studied the relationship between __________ and ____________ in the mid-1600’s
For the same amount of gas at a constant temperature, __________ times __________equals a constant.
Shows relationship between Pressure (P) and Volume (V) at constant temperature.

16. Boyle’s Law Formula P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
In other words they are ______________ proportional
KNOW THIS FORMULA AND HOW TO USE IT!

17. Section 3.3
Phase Changes

18. Phase Changes
The ___________ physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
_________, freezing, ______________, condensation, ___________, and deposition are six common phase changes.
The ____________ of a substance does not change during a phase change.

19. Energy & Phase Changes
Energy is either _________ or ___________during a phase change.
Endothermic change – the system ________ energy from its surroundings
Exothermic change – the system __________ energy to its surroundings
Heat of fusion – the amount of energy needed for a particular substance to change from a _____ to a ______

20. Phase Changes United Streaming Video: “Physical Science Series: Phases of Matter”

21. Melting & Freezing
The arrangements of molecules in water becomes less ___________ as water melts and more _________ as water freezes
The melting and freezing points of any substance are the _________!

22. Vaporization
Vaporization – the phase change in which a substance changes from a ________ into a ____
Evaporation – a type of ____________ that occurs below the boiling point of a substance
Heat of vaporization – the amount of energy needed to change a substance from a _______ to a _____
Vapor pressure – the pressure caused by the ______________ of vapor and a container

23. Boiling Point
Boiling of a liquid occurs when the vapor pressure becomes equal to ___________ __________.

24. Condensation
Condensation – phase change in which a substance changes from a _____ or ________ to a ________

25. Sublimation and Deposition
Sublimation – phase change in which a substance changes from a _______ to a ______ or vapor without changing to a liquid first
Deposition – when a gas or vapor changes directly into a ________ without first changing to a ________