1. 1815-1930

2. Major wave of immigration Avg. Age: 15-30 Majority from Northern/Western Europe Major portion of U.S. Industrial Labor Bulk moved to urban areas

3. 1815-1865 1/3 immigrants were Irish 1840’s alone: ½ were from Ireland Tired & Impoverished, many settled near ports on the East Coast 144,ooo fought for the Union Army

4. Many Irish arrived impoverished, barely escaping the Great Famine

5. 1850’s: 5 Million German Immigrants Many settled in the Mid-West to farm Popular Cities: Milwaukee, St. Louis, Cincinnati 177,000 fought in the Union Army

6. Many Germans worked the fields of the mid-west. Some worked the oil fields

7. 1850’s: 25,000 Chinese dream of gold Blamed for lowering wages in the West 1 st target of immigration law Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Banned Chinese laborers from entering the U.S. Later hinders Asian immigration

8. Many Chinese came to mine for Gold in California. They also helped build the railroads.

9. 1880-1920: 5.3 Million will enter America Worked as masons and farm workers among other trades Many bought the farms they worked on 1/3 return to Italy w/in 5 years

10. Many Italians worked the fields and later bought farms of their own

11. 1840-1930: 900,000 left Quebec Many settled in New England 4 Million other Canadians emigrate European French have always had low emigration numbers

12. 3.5 Million will immigrate to the U.S. from the mid 1800s- 1930

13. 20 Million Immigrants Mostly from Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe 2-4 million were Jews 1.5 Million were Swedes and Norwegians Many groups came for opportunity and to escape poverty and religious persecution

14. Many Jews came to America to escape religious persecution

15. 1875: Supreme Court rules immigration is a federal issue 1907 Peak Year: 1.3 Million Immigrants 1917: Congress passes more immigration legislation Age 16/over must pass literacy test 1921 Emergency Quota Act

16. Located in New York Harbor Designated as Federal Immigration Station 1892-1954: 12 Million Immigrants entered the U.S. Immigrants consisted mostly of Europeans

18. Allowed a max of 2% of Nationality to enter 2% based on 1890 Census Greatly prohibited immigrants from Asia Favored Western Europe 1934: Jews denied access to U.S