1. Acid-Base Reactions

2. Neutralization acid + base salt + water HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H 2 O H + + Cl - + Na + + OH - Na + + Cl - + H 2 O H + + OH - H 2 O

4. Titration Titrant or Standard Solution (known concentration) Analyte (unknown concentration) stopcock Equivalence point – the point at which the reaction is complete Indicator – substance that changes color at (or near) the equivalence point [H+] = [OH-] End point—the point which the indicator used in titration changes color

5. The perfect endpoint color for phenolphthalein is light pink.

6. This is one drop beyond the perfect equivalence point light pink.

7. Well beyond the perfect equivalence point light pink.

8. Before the endpoint Past the endpoint (overshot) At the Endpoint

9. Sorry it’s sideways! lIve and Learn!!!

10. One drop beyond Equivalence Point

11. 9.50 mL of 0.500 M NaOH was needed to titrate 5.89 mL of nitric acid. Calculate the molarity of the acid. Example 1

12. In a titration, 43.21 mL of a 0.03020 M RbOH solution is required to exactly neutralize 30.00 mL of sulfuric acid. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution? Example 2 43.21 mL RbOH 1 L0.03020 mol RbOH1 mol H 2 SO 4 = 0.000652471mol H 2 SO 4 1000 mL1 L2 mol RbOH 0.000652471 mol H 2 SO 4 1000 mL= 0.02175 M H 2 SO 4 30.00 mL1 L 2RbOH(aq) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) → 2H 2 O(l) + Rb 2 SO 4 (aq)