1. ©2008 Reid Senescu Workshop on Social Intelligence Design San Juan, Puerto Rico December 4, 2008 Workshop on Social Intelligence Design San Juan, Puerto Rico December 4, 2008 A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University ©2008 Reid Senescu

2. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Two case studies from the Stanford Graduate School of Business PROBLEM STATEMENT Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

3. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu PROBLEM STATEMENT Sustainability case study reveals:  Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision Actual Process Failed Designers struggle to share processes Structure:SteelConcrete Material Responsibility ?? Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment Embodied Energy Steel Concrete Results: Discussion Forum Analysis Results No Results = Stakeholder goals not met Successful Process Existed Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

4. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Sustainability case study reveals:  Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision Actual Process Failed Successful Process Existed Designers struggle to share processes Structure:SteelConcrete Material Responsibility ?? Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment Embodied Energy Steel Concrete Results: Discussion Forum Analysis Results No Results = Stakeholder goals not met Take away from this case study: –I could not find a design process to meet stakeholder goals –Even though this process had already been used in my firm PROBLEM STATEMENT Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

5. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu PROBLEM STATEMENT Day lighting case study reveals:  Observed Louver Configuration Design Process Designers struggle to understand processes Input: Architecture Model Output: Day Light Video –Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations –Total Design Time Per Option: 30 hours –Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 15 hours Time Per Design Task Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

6. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu PROBLEM STATEMENT Day lighting case study reveals:  Observed Louver Configuration Design Process Designers struggle to understand processes Input: Architecture Model Output: Day Light Video –Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations –Total Design Time Per Option: 24 hours –Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 16 hours Time Per Design Task Take away from this case study: –Process is often repeated –Process is inefficient. –No investment in improving process –….until principals saw this slide Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

7. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu The Big Idea: Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform CommunicateIntegrateVisualize Share processesMix & customize processesProcess metrics Understand processesAutomate processesSolution spaces THE BIG IDEA Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

8. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu My contribution: Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform CommunicateIntegrateVisualize Share processesMix & customize processesProcess metrics Understand processesAutomate processesSolution spaces THE BIG IDEA Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

9. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Outline  Problem Statement  Intuition  Research Question  Research Method  Expected Contribution  Acknowledgements Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

10. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Process integration platform  Project: Stanford Graduate School of Business  Organization: Day Lighting Consultant  Options: Two atrium shapes  Goals: Reduce energy use; achieve good day light; be beautiful. A scenario to explain the tool Intuition INTUITION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

11. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Legend Narrative convention (Haymaker, 2006) Information Dependency Automated Manual What does the information look like? Barrel color indicates the status of the source information. Green = up-to-date Red = not updated Tool Used INTUITION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

12. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Designer observes team’s design Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Process Integration Platform INTUITION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

13. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Designer starts lighting analysis by searching for appropriate processes Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Process Integration Platform SEARCH RESULTS Intuition INTUITION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

14. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu INTUITION PROCESS INFO Project: Arup 9876 Office Building Projects With This Process Process Type: Day Light Software Required Developer: Robert Cole Process Used: 2 times Links Copied: 31 times Used Most By: Engin Ayaz Other Users of this Process More Usage Details Process Integration Platform Arup 9478: Greendale Apartment Unit jrogers: Should we invest in automating this process? Normanrock: Yes, I’ll send a meeting request to divide up the work. COMMENTS a b PROCESS INFO Project: Arup E Cubed Lab Projects With This Process Process Type: Day Light Software Required Developer: Robert Cole Process Used: 2 times Links Copied: 31 times Used Most By: Engin Ayaz Other Users of this Process More Usage Details SEARCH RESULTS (a) Designer browses search results; (b) looks at process info; finds two appropriate processes. (c) Works with user community, to begin automating an inefficient process. (d) selects this process for inclusion into his project. 3 c PROCESS USAGE Range, Average Iteration Time (hrs) 8 to 40, 22 # of Iterations1 to 15, 3 Designer evaluates search result and chooses two appropriate processes Process Integration Platform Enlighten 32842: Park Place Offices Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

15. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu INTUITION Save information to process Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Process Integration Platform Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

16. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Use process to produce results Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Process Integration Platform Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION

17. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Research Question  What does prior research 1 claim a design process 2 communicating methodology should entail?  How does implementing the theoretically founded methodology impact design process efficiency and effectiveness? 1. Research Fields of Design Theory, Knowledge Management, Human Computer Interaction, and Process Modeling. 2. Building design processes from concept design to construction documentation. Research Question RESEARCH QUESTION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

18. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD “Creative solutions are built from the recombination of existing ideas” Derive a Methodology from points of departure Hargadon (2006) Knowledge Management Process Modeling Human Computer Interaction Design Theory Haymaker (2004) Ballard (1998) Ramsin (2008) Fischer (1996) Pheng (2004) Chan (2002) Hippel (2003) Conklin (1996) Kunz (1970) Bobrow (1977) Winograd (1987) Minsky (1974) Lee (2007) Points of Departure by Research Field 1.Synthesize literature. 2.Develop methodology for design process communicating 3.Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology 4.Measure impact on AEC design processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

19. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD “Creative solutions are built from the recombination of existing ideas” Derive a Methodology from points of departure Transparent Modular Searchable Usable Scalable Incentivized Computable Framed Hargadon (2006) Knowledge Management Process Modeling Human Computer Interaction Design Theory Haymaker (2004) Ballard (1998) Ramsin (2008) Fischer (1996) Pheng (2004) Chan (2002) Hippel (2003) Conklin (1996) Kunz (1970) Bobrow (1977) Winograd (1987) Minsky (1974) Lee (2007) Modular Methodology Points of Departure by Research Field Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

20. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD Specify characteristics for the design process communicating methodology Transparent Quickly and accurately understood by all Modular Broken down into segments of information exchange Searchable Algorithms that predict users’ intent by self-learning Usable Intuitive to use, user-focused, embedded in design process Scalable Able to represent different levels of detail Incentivized Motivated to use processes and to develop new processes Computable Capable of driving processes automatically Framed Visualization is personalized to the user’s perspective Methodology Definitions of Characteristics Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

21. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD Research Method 1.Synthesize literature. 2.Develop methodology for design process communicating 3.Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology 4.Measure impact on AEC design processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

22. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD SpecificationsUser StoriesRequirementsAcceptance Tests Implement Methodology using Agile Software Development Modular Spec. 2.1.3: Broken down into segments of information exchanges. Spec. 2.1.3 User copies process links from one project into another project. Spec. 2.1.3 Drag and drop process links. Spec. 2.1.3 Copy Revit-to-DWG link from one frame to another frame. Modular MethodologyAgile Software Development (Cohen 2004) Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

23. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Implement Methodology using Agile Software Development Research Method RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Process Integration Platform

24. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Research Method 1.Synthesize literature. 2.Develop methodology for design process communicating 3.Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology. 4.Measure impact on AEC design processes. RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

25. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD Measure Design Processes By breaking down modeling tasks PLAN MODELPOST-PROCESS Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

26. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Measure Existing Processes PLAN tasks TASK TYPEDEFINITIONVALUE ADDED? PLAN 1search look for best practice process and modeling methods. No 2attain obtain software, models, geometry, drawings, codes, etc. No 3strategize identify design goals, constraints, and context and decide appropriate modeling process. Yes 4develop create new tools and methods to facilitate design process with the intent of reuse. Yes RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

27. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Measure Existing Processes MODEL tasks TASK TYPEDEFINITIONVALUE ADDED? MODEL 5translate / filter redefine information in a new format; simplify, regroup, or take a subset of information. No 6generate define a model of the physical world for the first time. Yes 7setup / preprocess give instruction to the computer about how to analyze the model you generated. Yes 8calculate Converting inputs to outputs according to formulas, tables, graphs, etc. No RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

28. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Measure Existing Processes TASK TYPEDEFINITIONVALUE ADDED? POST-PROCESS 9interpret / validate understand results and assess whether the simulation results are reasonable. Yes 10troubleshoot / fix find problems with the model, correct the problems. No 11document results communicate results and design intent. No 12document process communicate design tasks and assumptions. No POST-PROCESS tasks RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

29. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Measure efficiency using design tasks RESEARCH METHOD Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

30. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD Measure efficiency before & after the use of the tool Hypothetical Results Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

31. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu RESEARCH METHOD Measure Effectiveness Using MACDADI value (Haymaker, 2006) Hypothetical Results Effectiveness Unchanged Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

32. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Contributions to Knowledge  Question 2: How does implementing this methodology impact process efficiency & effectiveness?  Question 1: According to the literature, what is a design process communicating methodology? Contribution A methodology for communicating processes supported by evidence of its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of design processes in AEC. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University Knowledge Management Process Modeling Human Computer Interaction Design Theory

33. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Expected impact on industry  Lay the foundation for continuous improvements in design process efficiency and effectiveness  Improving multi-disciplinary design optimization  Essential to the sustainability of the built environment. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University

34. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946 based on a belief in ‘total design’ — the integration of the design process and the interdependence of all the professions involved, the creative nature of engineering, the value of innovation and the social purpose of design. Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University John Haymaker, Forest Flager, Ben Welle Vladlen Koltun

35. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Questions? Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University