1. The Legacy of WWI

2. Effects of WWI 9,000,000 soldiers dead 21,000,000 soldiers wounded 13,000,000 civilians dead of disease or starvation Armenian genocide by Ottoman Turks – massacre of 500,000-1,000,000 Armenians for their support in helping the Allies Absolute Monarchies in Europe destroyed Increased political and social instability

3. WWI Different From Other Wars Higher number of casualties Use of new technologies Scope of war – number of countries involved –Colonies participated in hopes of gaining their independence Asian and African colonies expected citizenship or independence Arabs wanting freedom from Ottoman Turks helped the British Amount of destruction

4. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points Peace Plan Freedom of the seas and trade Arms limitations End to secret alliances Self-rule for all nations League of Nations –Organization of world nations to settle future problems peacefully

5. Paris Peace Conference “Big Four” - France, Great Britain, Italy, US –Central Powers not invited Each nation had differing goals –Wilson had to compromise on his 14 Points Five different Treaties signed with each of the Central Powers –Treaty of Versailles with Germany, most important treaty signed

6. Treaty of Versailles The treaty was a R.A.W. deal for Germany R. Reparations, money paid for destruction, were forced on Germany –Cost was $33,000,000,000 A. Allies Punish Germany –German army reduced, can’t manufacture or buy weapons, no air force –Germany stripped of colonies W. War Guilt was forced on Germany –Germany must sign “war blame” clause

7. New Nations Established Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary –Yugoslavia created a united Slavic country on the Balkan Peninsula France and Great Britain split the Ottoman Empire –Mandates created over territories in the Middle East (Palestine, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria) –Arabs did not receive independence that Britain promised France and Great Britain did not give independence to colonies

9. Changes in America Northern factories providing new job opportunities for African-Americans Great Migration –500,000 African-Americans move north for job opportunities and to escape bigotry, poverty, and racial violence of the south

10. Role of Women after War Women went to work during war years –Laid off when soldiers returned –Enjoyed work, looked for other opportunities

11. Red Scare Wages were low during the war –Increases expected post-war –Strikes broke out when wages were not increased –Fear of worker’s revolution similar to Russia Palmer Raids –Attorney General ordered raids without search warrants –Fear of foreigners and radicals denouncing the government, often with violence Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder