1. Deaf Education Overview NIEC Faces of Deaf VR Consumers Module

2. Deaf Education Overview  Historic Roots of Deaf Education in US  American School for the Deaf established 1817  Gallaudet (College) University established 1864  Milan Conference 1880

3. Deaf Education Overview  Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)  Initially passed in mid-1970s  Free & Appropriate Education  Least Restrictive Environment  Interpreters as a “related service”

4. Deaf Education Overview  Communication Approaches in Deaf Education:  Oral Method  Cued Speech  Manual Codes for English  ASL

5. Deaf Education Overview  Educational Approaches in Deaf Ed:  Bilingual-Bicultural Approach  Total Communication  Aural/Oral

6. Deaf Education Overview  Deaf Education Environments :  Residential Schools  Day Schools  Mainstream/Inclusion Programs  Self-Contained Classrooms

7. Deaf Education Overview  Teacher Qualifications  Vast majority of deaf educators are hearing  Few are Deaf or native users of ASL  Teaching licensure requirements rarely, if ever, test for sign language proficiency

8. Deaf Education Overview  Interpreter Credentials:  No national standard for interpreter proficiency  Many interpreters remain unqualified today  The Educational Interpreter Proficiency Assessment (EIPA) was designed to measure interpreting skills in k-12 settings  Can test for different populations (elementary/HS)  Can test for use of ASL and MCE  http://www.classroominterpreting.org/About/index.asp http://www.classroominterpreting.org/About/index.asp

9. Deaf Education Overview  Deaf Education in International Settings:  Most developed countries offer the same array of communication and educational approaches as the US.  Developing countries may have fewer options limiting educational access for Deaf individuals.

10. Deaf Education Overview  Resources:  Johnson, L.J. (2004). NASDSE fact sheet on educational interpreting (http://www.unco.edu/doit/resources/educational_inter preting.html). (http://www.unco.edu/doit/resources/educational_inter preting.html  Zapien, C. (1998). Options in Deaf Education: History, methodologies, and strategies for surviving the system (http://www.listen-up.org/edu/options1.htm).http://www.listen-up.org/edu/options1.htm