1. FUNDAMENTALS OF PUBLIC HEALTH Joseph S Duren Lopez Community & Public Health - HCA415 Instructor: Adriane Niare November 10, 2015

2. Introduction: General Understanding of Public Health To clearly define Public Health, it takes time and many considerations. The following presentation is intended to create a general understanding of the importance of public health.

3. Public Health Roles Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Thus, public health is concerned with the total system and not only the eradication of a particular disease. (WHO).

4. Public Health Foundation 10 Essential Public Health Services Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. Assure competent public and personal health care workforce. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

5. Public Health Risks The information gathered from determining risks and problems serve to put threats at bay. Some of these threats are: Chronic diseases, food borne diseases, vector-borne diseases, bio- logical health threats, and chemical threats, among many other public health hazards.

6. Risk Assessment Risk is generally taken to be the probability of injury, disease, or death under specific circumstances. It is accepted if the probability of it: -It falls below an arbitrary defined probability -it falls below some level that is already tolerated -it falls below an arbitrary defined attributable fraction of total disease burden in the community -the cost of reducing the risk would exceed the costs saved -the cost of reducing the risk would exceed the costs saved when the 'costs of suffering' are also factored in -the opportunity costs would be better spent on other, more pressing, public health problems -public health professionals say it is acceptable -the general public say it is acceptable -politicians say it is acceptable

7. Emergency Response & Preparedness After determining which potential risks could affect the population, different emergency responses are created as preparation for a real life event. These responses, depending on the size of the emergency, require multiple levels of government, public, and private sector collaboration in order to achieve the max positive effect.

8. Policy Development & Enforcement Creating public health policy is the key to creating a healthier environment. By enforcing better educational policies, policies for disease prevention, policies for disease control, and many other policies that contribute to the growth of our public’s health. Also, enforcement of policy is applied with the quality of treatment and quality of service within healthcare facilities and services.

9. Education Public Health plays a huge role in educating the masses in all things public health. These things include, policies, services, healthcare, disease control, disease management. There are dedicated blogs, forums, websites, and physical locations which work towards increasing the knowledge and awareness of Public Health Services and ways of becoming and staying healthy.

10. Organizational Structure Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Other Federal Public Health Agencies -Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) -Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response (OPHPR) -Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -Human Resource and Service Administration (HRSA) -National Institute of Health (NIH) -Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) State and Local Agencies (Including Territories)

12. Legal & Ethical Dimensions – The government’s legal powers and duties, in collaboration with its partners, to ensure the conditions for people to be healthy, and limits on the government’s power to constrain individual rights. -There are many things taken into account when making ethical decision-making: Recognition of an ethical concern Value orientations which are accomplished by the implementation of different moral frameworks Consider the conditions for the ethical support of a public health decision. Implement the health measure Evaluate the decision making process

13. Funding Funding for Public Health Agencies on a Federal and State level come directly from our fiscal budget and is accounted for as part of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Federal and State Agencies form alliances with our local community agencies to further allocate funds Local Health Departments typically pull monetary resources from various different funding. Federal, State, Medicare/Medicaid, other states, to include other sources.

14. Communication Health communication is seen to have relevance for virtually every aspect of health and well-being, including disease prevention, health promotion and quality of life. In Public Health, it can be used as a great disease prevention tool. It can also serve as a treatment in terms of habit. The better informed a person is, the better habits that person can establish to control his ailment.

15. References An Analysis of State Public Health Emergency Declarations: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy- library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0e26f76a-27b8-42a5-86da- 204e688a4b50%40sessionmgr4004&vid=2&hid=4205 http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy- library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0e26f76a-27b8-42a5-86da- 204e688a4b50%40sessionmgr4004&vid=2&hid=4205 The Oregon Public Health Policy Institute: Building Competencies for Public Health Practice: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy- library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=3de6c69d-5c69-4b44-bb42- 6fe1485cd6e6%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4205http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy- library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=3de6c69d-5c69-4b44-bb42- 6fe1485cd6e6%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4205 The 10 Essential Public Health Services: http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html Community and Public Health: https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUHCA415.13.2/sections/sec11.2 https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUHCA415.13.2/sections/sec11.2 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/iwachap10.pdf

16. References Professionalism and Ethics in the Public Health Curriculum: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2431097/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2431097/ Why health communication is important in public health: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/ Funding for public health: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/community-health-funding/index.htm http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/community-health-funding/index.htm Public Health definition: http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/

17. Thank you!