2. Transport System of Animals Looking at: Mammals & Birds Fish Reptiles Insects

3. Need for Circulatory System 4 Multicellular organisms are too large for diffusion, thus single cell organisms do not require a transport system. 4 The larger the surface area to volume ratio the less need for a circulatory system 4 For large organisms, to ensure that all cells are supplied with nutrients and waste is removed a circulatory system is needed.

4. Function of Transport System Functions are: 4 Removes waste from the cells like CO 2 and Urea. 4 Carry oxygen to the cells for respiration 4 Carry complex molecules (protein, amino acids, hormones, carbohydrates, fats) 4 Carry white blood cells (defence) 4 Homeostasis, especially temperature.

5. Parts of the Transport System A transport system needs: 4 Pump (moving the substances) 4 Pathway (usually veins, Arteries, capillaries) 4 Blood (or other liquid medium) 4 Large surface area for diffusion (capillaries) 4 Regulatory valve (stop reverse flow)

6. Open Circuit Vs Closed Circuit Open Circuit 4 The heart pumps blood through arteries to open-ended blood vessels; 4 the blood released into the body cavity where it baths the tissues  Blood is collected and sent back to the heart via a vein. 4 Like organs sitting in a bath of blood. Closed Circuit 4 The heart pumps blood through arteries to closed capillaries 4 The capillaries takes the blood to each individual cell. 4 The capillaries is where diffusion takes place between the tissue cell and blood cell 4 Capillaries lead to the veins.

7. Open Circuit Note that the blood that leaves the heart is sent to the artery. Blood enters the body freely to mix with the tissue cells Blood re- enters the heart

8. Two Classes of Circulatory Systems 4 There are two main types of circulatory systems: 1.Single circulatory system: Blood pumped from the heart to gills then to the body (fish)Single circulatory system 2.Double circulatory system: Blood pumped to the lungs, to the heart, to the body and then back to the heart (birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles)Double circulatory system

9. Single Circulatory System Remove CO2 Load O 2 Lungs Remove O2 Load CO 2 Body Cells Pump the blood Heart

10. Double Circulatory system Lungs Heart Body

11. Double Circulatory System Grey represents the Systemic Circulation Red represents the pulmonary Circulation

12. Pulmonary Vs Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation 4 This is the blood vessel circuit that connects the heart and lungs together. 4 It is responsible removing waste (CO 2 ) and adding Oxygen. Systemic Circulation 4 This is the blood vessel circuit that connects the heart and all the tissue cells 4 It is responsible carrying waste (CO 2 ) and supplying Oxygen and nutrients.

13. Closed Circulatory System Heart the main pump No free mixing of blood, the capillaries take the blood directly to the cells

15. Lymphatic System 4 Its function is to collect excess fluid surrounding the cells and return it into the blood stream. 4 This is an open system. 4 Plays a vital role in body defence.

16. Mammal and Bird Circulatory System

17. Mammal Circulatory System 4 This system has two parts, Pulmonary and systemic. 4 It is a closed system 4 It relies on a four chambered heart.

18. The Two Part System. 4 One part of the circulation is responsible for removing waste and oxygenating the blood (red) 4 The other part is responsible for supplying the oxygenated blood to the cells and removing waste (Blue)

19. The Mammal/ Bird Heart 4 The heart is extremely muscular. 4 There are 4 chambers. 4 The Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle.Left Atrium Right AtriumLeft VentricleRight Ventricle 4 The clean and dirty blood never mix.

20. Left Atrium 4 Receives the clean blood from the lungs 4 Sends the blood to the left ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle Pulmonary Artery, Dirty blood sent to the lungs

21. Right Atrium 4 Receives the dirty blood from the body. 4 Sends this blood to the right ventricle Right Atrium One way Valves Main Vein, receives dirty blood from the body

22. Left Ventricle 4 Pumps the clean/ oxygenated blood to the body. 4 Due to the distance it needs to pump this part of the heart is very muscular. 4 Sends blood to the aorta Aorta

23. Right Ventricle 4 Pumps the dirty, deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 4 As the lungs are close to the heart does not need to be as muscular as the left ventricle 4 sends blood out of the heart to the pulmonary artery.

24. Reptile/ Amphibian Circulatory System

25. 4 This system has two parts, Pulmonary and systemic. 4 It is a closed system 4 It relies on a three chambered heart. (except a crocodile that has a four chambered heart)

26. Reptile/ Amphibian Heart 4 The heart is extremely muscular. 4 There are 3 chambers. 4 The Left Atrium, Right Atrium, and Ventricle. 4 The clean and dirty blood incompletely mix.

27. Fish Circulatory System

28. 4 This system has two parts, Pulmonary and systemic. 4 There is only one circuit. 4 It is a closed system 4 It relies on a two chambered heart.

29. Fish Heart 4 The heart of a fish has only two chambers, the Atrium and Ventricle.

30. Insect Circulatory System

31. 4 Have and open circulatory system 4 Does rely on a heartheart.

32. Simplified Heart

33. The End