2. Throughout this period, humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia & the Americas.

4. The year is 9000 BCE somewhere in Afro-Eurasia. The scene begins with a family: 1. Place your paper horizontally. 2. Draw a line (vertically) across 1/3 of the paper. 3. Draw a family (of four) in the upper left hand corner do not take more than the top 1/3 of the left 1/3 of the paper. Include a large mammal, a cave entrance, and some plants in the background.

5. The year is still 9000 BCE. In the same area as before: 4.Draw a fire (small) near the family. 5.Draw some simple stone tools near the family.

6. Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra.

7. This is what is currently believed to be the conditions in which Paleolithic societies lived. Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savanna to desert to Ice Age tundra. By making an analogy with modern hunter-forager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian. Economic structures focused on small kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands that could make what they needed to survive. However, not all groups were self-sufficient; they exchanged people, ideas and goods.

8. Religion was most likely animistic. 6.Draw some drawings on the cave.

28. “The artists chose predatory, dangerous animals," says one archeologist. By painting species that virtually never wound up on the Paleolithic menu but which "symbolized danger, strength and power,” the artists may have been attempting "to capture the essence of" the animals according to another archeologist.

29. A program superimposed arrays of hands onto the dots [found on one of the walls]. The best fit to an array of 48 dots is a sequence of handprints made by an adolescent or a short woman. A panel of 92 dots was probably the handiwork of a tall man. The presence of people of different ages and sexes suggests either a communal experience or masters passing their secrets on to apprentices. Even 32,000 years ago, art was created for more than art's sake.

31. Some animals have more than four legs, or grotesquely exaggerated horns; is that just style, or does it argue a state of ritual trance or hallucination in the artists? No answer, though some naturally occurring manganese oxides, the base of some of the blacks used in cave paintings, are known to be toxic and to act on the central nervous system.

32. And the main technique of Cro-Magnon art, according to prehistorian Michel Lorblanchet, director of France's National Center of Scientific Research, involved not brushes but a kind of oral spray-painting - blowing pigment dissolved in saliva on the wall. Lorblanchet, who has re-created cave paintings with uncanny accuracy, suggests that the technique may have had a spiritual dimension.

34. In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age, from about 10,000 years ago, some groups adapted to the environment in new ways, while others remained hunter-foragers. Pastoralism developed at various sites in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia.

35. The year is 8000 BCE somewhere in Afro-Eurasia. The scene begins with a herd: 7. Draw a large extended family (of 20) in the bottom left hand corner do not take more than the bottom 2/3 of the left 1/3 of the paper (and leave a little room). 8.Include a several large mammals (cows, oxen, horses, goats, sheep, etc), some dwellings (portable or permanent), and some grasses in the background for the herds.

36. Pastoral peoples domesticated animals and led their herds around grazing ranges. Pastoralism led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population.

37. In pastoralist societies, elite groups accumulated wealth, creating more hierarchical social structures and promoting patriarchal forms of social organization. Pastoralists tended to be more socially stratified than hunter-foragers. Draw a dwelling that is larger and finer than the other dwellings. On the women in that family put jewelry. Add more animals near them including horses.

38. Because pastoralists were mobile, they rarely accumulated large amounts of material possessions, which would have been a hindrance when they changed grazing areas. 9.Draw some wall hangings on the dwellings and some furs. The pastoralists’ mobility allowed them to become an important conduit for technological change as they interacted with settled populations. Pastoralists also affected the environment by grazing large numbers of animals on fragile grasslands, leading to erosion when overgrazed.

40. Possibly as a response to climatic change (climate became more conducive to plant cultivation), permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean. On the other hand it could have been because he human population increased, so more reliable sources of food were needed. Or it was the gradual experimentation by gatherers of wild plants (mostly women) that led to dependence on plant cultivation.

42. Agriculture emerged at different times in Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indus River Valley, the Yellow River or Huang He Valley, Papua New Guinea, Mesoamerica and the Andes.

43. Different crops or animals were domesticated in the various core regions, depending on available local flora and fauna.

44. The year is 7000 BCE somewhere in Eurasia. The scene begins several families by a river: 10. Draw a large river going vertically down the middle of the right 2/3 of the paper. 11. Then draw an extended family (of 50 or so total) living in a village along side the river, leaving room between each family. Include a several large mammals (cows, oxen, horses, goats, sheep, etc), some permanent dwellings for each of the families and some farmland next to the river too.

45. Agricultural communities had to work cooperatively to clear land and create the water control systems needed for crop production. Agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population. The switch to agriculture created a not necessarily more diversified, food supply. 12. Draw a canal going from both sides of the river to the farmlands 13. Add some more houses and families, give them more kids 14. Make sure the farms all have the same crop

46. Technological innovations led to improvements in agricultural production, trade and transportation, including pottery, plows, woven textiles, wheels and wheeled vehicles. 15. Draw some tools near the farm lands including digging sticks and wheelbarrows. 16. Draw some pottery and textiles near the houses

47. Make sure some of your houses are made of stone

48. Surpluses of food and other goods led to specialization of labor, including new classes of artisans and warriors, and the development of elites. 17. Draw dwellings that have looms and potters wheels 18. Draw a dwelling suitable for a village chieftain 19.Give the chieftain’s family more possessions (jewelry, and other luxury items)

49. Patriarchy and forced labor systems developed, giving elite men concentrated power over most of the other people in their societies. 19.Draw a hovel for slaves.

51. 20. Draw a religious center near your village with some graves. 21. Destroy some of the houses closest to the Pastoral societies (from a raid) 22. Add more bodies to the graveyard (Neolithic peoples usually buried families together).

52. Agriculturalists also had a massive impact on the environment through intensive cultivation of selected plants to the exclusion of others, through the construction of irrigation systems, and through the use of domesticated animals for food and for labor. Populations increased; family groups gave way to village life, and later, to urban life with all its complexity. 23. Keep adding more dwellings and build a wall around the village.