1. Chapter 3 Sounds & music

2. How does music make us feel?

3. Tim Westergren (Pandora) Music is the one artistic expression that really brings us back to places. It can emotionally and spiritually transport us through our memories, which is a very powerful part of who we are. Music contains our memory in a way. And so it’s a force that makes us feel different things.

4. We don’t even notice it…… Famous scene with and without music

5. Thomas Edison 1877: made a recording device that played back voices “phono” – far off “graph” - sound

6. Emile Berliner Late 1880s Recorded sounds onto discs made of metal Invented the “gramophone” Used “master recordings”

7. Berliner’s flat disc was fine until… Audiotape in the 1940s developed by Germans

10. Digital recording 1970s Music played back by laser rather than needle or magnetic tape CDs came on the market in 1983

11. CD vs Cassette sales

18. 30 years in 10 seconds30 years in 10 seconds:

19. 1992 – the MP3 Led to file-sharing 1999 – Napster How did the recording industry react?

20. Is radio still relevant?

21. Music Genres Blues Gospel Country Dance Folk Jazz Latin New Age Pop Rap R&B Rock Alternative Heavy Metal Reggae Electronica

22. Microcasting:

23. How has the model changed?

24. Issues facing industry (the book) – Homogenization – Questionable song lyrics – “selling out”

25. Issues facing industry: (everyone else) Death of the album Is music a product or service? Democratization of discovery Potential taxing of online music streams Apple’s Online dominance

26. “The Big Four”

27. THEN “Record companies made money selling records and bands made money playing live.”

28. NOW 2011: Album sales down 77% since 2003 2011: Top 50 Tours lose 12% revenue

32. PIRACY – the uploading, downloading or streaming of copyrighted material COUNTERFEITING – unauthroized copying of material BOOTLEGGING - unauthorized copies of live recordings or performances

33. What is copyright? A composition is considered to be "intellectual property" If any music or lyrics are still under copyright protection you CANNOT reproduce the music or lyrics you CANNOT distribute the music or lyrics either for free, for no profit, or for profit you CANNOT perform the music or lyrics in public you CANNOT play a recording of the music or lyrics in public--even if you own the CD you CANNOT make a derivative work or arrangement for public use in any form

34. Public Domain Works published in the US in 1922 or earlier Works created after 1978? Last surviving member plus 70 years

35. All things are copyrighted the moment they are written, even without copyright notice

36. Music Licensing Companies If you own a radio station or restaurant and want to play music, you have to pay for public performance rights. “Blanket Performance Rights” can be purchased from ASCAP and BMI Most valuable song license?

37. “Happy Birthday to You” Brings in about $2 million per year in licensing fees Anytime you hear music in public, a licensing fee should have been paid.