1. ZigBee

2. Introduction
A technological standard designed for control and sensor networks.
A wireless language that everyday devices use to connect to one another.
Mesh network specification for low-power wireless local area networks (WLANs) that cover a large area.

3. Introduction
ZigBee was designed to provide high data throughput in applications where the duty cycle is low and power consumption is an important constraint.
Industrial automation and physical plant operations, it is often associated with machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT).

4. Introduction Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
Created by the ZigBee Alliance
Simpler and less expensive than other wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.
Its low power consumption limits transmission distances to 10–100 meters line-of-sight,

5. Introduction
Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks
Connectivity between small packet devices. Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.
ZigBee networks are secured by 128 bit encryption keys.
ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s, best suited for data transmissions from a sensor or input device.

6. Organization defining global standards for reliable, cost‐effective, low power wireless applications
A consortium of end users and solution providers, primarily responsible for the development of the standard
Developing applications and network capability utilizing the packet delivery mechanism

7. Characteristics Low power consumption Low data rate
Relatively short transmission range
Scalability
Reliability
Flexible protocol design suitable for many applications
Low cost

8. INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL
Applications
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
monitors
sensors
automation
control
TV VCR
DVD/CD
Remote control
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
PC & PERIPHERALS
monitors
diagnostics
sensors
ZigBee
LOW DATA-RATE
RADIO DEVICES
mouse
keyboard
joystick
HVAC---Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (供暖,通風,空調)
ZigBee目前的應用有：
1. 工商業的自動控制系統
2. 個人健康診斷
3. 攜帶型娛樂工具
4. 家庭消費電子設備遠距控制
5. 個人電腦的周邊無線控制
6. 居家安全與自動監控
TOYS &
GAMES
HOME AUTOMATION
consoles portables
educational
security
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning)
lighting
closures

9. IEEE 802.15.4 Device Types There are two different device types :
A full function device (FFD)
A reduced function device (RFD)
The FFD can operate in 3 modes by serving as
Device
Coordinator
PAN coordinator
The RFD can only serve as:

10. FFD vs RFD Full function device (FFD) Reduced function device (RFD)
Any topology
Network coordinator capable
Talks to any other device
Reduced function device (RFD)
Limited to star topology
Cannot become a network coordinator
Talks only to a network coordinator
Very simple implementation

11. ZigBee Network Topologies
Star
Mesh
Cluster Tree
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device

12. ZigBee Network Topologies
Star Topology
Advantage
Easy to synchronize
Low latency
Disadvantage
Small scale
Not applicable to big numbers of nodes
星狀拓樸，他的優點是容易同步化和所以有superframe，低延遲缺點是難以擴充

13. ZigBee Network Topologies
Mesh Topology
Advantage
Robust multihop communication
Network is more flexible
Lower latency
Disadvantage
Route discovery is costly
Needs storage for routing table

14. ZigBee Network Topologies
Cluster Tree
Advantage
Low routing cost
Allow multihop communication
Disadvantage
Route reconstruction is costly
Latency may be quite long

15. ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison
Optimized for different applications
ZigBee
Smaller packets over large network
Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices
Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.
Bluetooth
Larger packets over small network
Ad‐hoc networks
File transfer
Screen graphics, pictures, hands free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

16. ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison
Feature(s)
Bluetooth
ZigBee
Power Profile
days
Years
Complexity
complex
Simple
Nodes/Master 7
64000
Latency
10 seconds
30 ms – 1s
Range
10m
70m ~ 300m
Extendibility no
Yes
Data Rate
1 Mbps
250 Kbps
Security
64bit, 128bit
128bit Advanced Encryption System and Application Layer

17. Zigbee vs. Other Wireless technologies10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Bandwidth
kbps
GSM
802.11a/g
GPRS
EDGE
2000
2003-4
2005
Bluetooth 3G
Hiper
LAN/2
Bluetooth 2.0
Range
Meters
802.11b
ZigBee
WiMedia
Bluetooth 1.5