1. ZigBee Low-power networking protocol Presented by: Leif Millar David Jackson Chase Casgrain 1

2. Overview What is ZigBee? Pros and Cons Mesh Networking Security Demo Questions 2

3. Named after the wiggle dance a bee does when it returns to the hive. Wireless communication protocol typically utilized by small embedded radios. Developed to meet demand for ad-hoc personal networks. Demand speculated by engineers around 1998 ZigBee Alliance started in 2002 Based on the 802.14.5 wireless networking protocol. Uses: Electric Meters, Thermostats, Security Systems, Light Switches, Traffic Management, 373 Projects? What is ZigBee? 3

4. Why ZigBee? Low Power, Cost, and Size Straightforward configuration Good support and documentation Lots of products already on the market Mesh Networking Lends itself well to many different applications Very low wakeup time 30mS (Zigbee) vs. up to 3S (Bluetooth) 4

5. Competes with Wi-Fi for bandwidth.. Only four usable bands in Wi-Fi intensive scenarios Low speed and throughput < 100kbps Or maybe not… Image & Data Source 5

6. Comparison Diagram obtained from : 6

7. What is a Mesh Network, and why do I care? A mesh network consists of a series of nodes. Each node must acquire and transmit its own data, as well as act as a relay for other nodes to propagate data. ZigBee devices often form Mesh Networks. Examples: Wireless light switching, Music school practice rooms. 7 Image Source:

8. Mesh Networking Mesh networks consist of three types of nodes: Coordinator Router End Devices What does a Coordinator do? Why? Search for open wireless channel Establish “PAN ID” Wait for queries from new nodes End devices, when not in use, shut down to conserve power. They have no routing responsibilities. Image Source: Mixed Star and Mesh Topology 8

9. Mesh Networking Advantages of Mesh Networking: Allows devices to communicate to multiple other devices in the network. Multiple paths to destination – greater flexibility against interference. Allows overall network to grow to larger physical sizes than possible with point-to-point networks. Mesh Characteristics: Self-forming – ZigBee devices can establish communication pathways when new devices appear. Self-healing – If a node is removed from the network (either intentionally or not) the remaining network will look to establish alternate routes of communication. 9

10. Is it safe? High-level Wireless security: IEEE 802.15.4 standard AES 128-bit encryption elements. ZigBee-specific Mesh security – Uses a system of security keys (Link, Master, Network) to maintain security against: Unauthorized network access Packet integrity damage Packet snooping (internal and external) Image Source: 10

11. Xbee Introduction XBee – 16 models, 3 wireless protocols. ZigBee, DigiMesh, and IEEE 802.15.4 XBee for the demo – Xbee 802.15.4 S1 Uses protocol 802.15.4 No mesh network - Point to point, point to multipoint No underlying infrastructure. Basis for Zigbee 11 RX TX RX TX UART – Serial Communication Transparent Serial Communication

12. Xbee Demo Are you using XBee’s for your project? Pay attention X-CTU software Set Baud Rate Set Destination Address – high and low 12

13. Demo Code For The Arduino Boards Master Slave

14. Demo Notes Xbee – non standard pin size. Uart interface. Uses tx-rx. To Program Xbee use a FTDI - Uart to usb. Xbees uses 3.3 volts 14

15. But wait, there’s more! EECS 498 Lab http://www.eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs498-brehob/Labs/498Lab1.pdf ZigBee Alliance www.zigbee.org http://www.zigbee.org/Standards/ZigBeeHomeAutomation/FAQ.aspx http://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/06-4482.pdf Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AODV Libelium http://www.libelium.com/security_802.15.4_zigbee/ Digi http://www.digi.com/learningcenter/video/player?id=zigbee-part-i-mesh-networking-basics Digikey http://www.digikey.com/us/en/techzone/wireless/resources/articles/comparing-low-power-wireless.html 15

16. Questions? 16