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Robert R. Twilley 1, Edward Castañeda-Moya 1, Gregg Snedden 2, and Alex Christensen 1 1 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State.

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Presentation on theme: "Robert R. Twilley 1, Edward Castañeda-Moya 1, Gregg Snedden 2, and Alex Christensen 1 1 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State."— Presentation transcript:

1 Robert R. Twilley 1, Edward Castañeda-Moya 1, Gregg Snedden 2, and Alex Christensen 1 1 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 2 USGS National Wetlands Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Data Flow, May 2016 Baton Rouge, LA Wax Lake Observatory: A Monitoring and Modeling System to understand Delta Dynamics Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

2 1: Concept of Coastal Deltaic Floodplains -Types of floodplains that control the biogeochemical and ecological patterns from source to sink systems. -How do the concepts of emergent ecosystems in coastal deltaic floodplains follow the established concepts for emergent ecosystems (succession) The Watershed: The three floodplain environments (montane, piedmont valley, coastal floodplain) are typically depositional with meandering streams; The estuary is considered the lower depositional environments – deltaic coasts Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

3 3 Wax Lake Delta (WLD) Observatory Mississippi River Bird Foot Delta Morgan City New Orleans Baton Rouge Atchafalaya River Louisiana Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

4 4 Wax Lake Delta (WLD) Observatory Mike Island Distributary Channels - Primary - Secondary Delta islands - Arrowhead shaped - Flanking levees - Intra-island bay (open at the downstream end) Mike Island Distributary channel Distributary channel Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

5 Wax Lake Delta Research Overview NCED (2007-2012) Elevation/vegetation transects: Azure’s dissertation Elaine Evers vegetation mapping Sea Grant (2010-2012) Flux studies (MIMS and Mulvaney) N mass balance (Greenhouse) Modeling of nitrate attenuation across marsh: Ben’s thesis Shell funding (2008-2012) Nutrient fluxes across chronosequence: Kelly’s dissertation Monthly water quality surveys FESD-Delta Observatory (2012-2017) Instrumentation for long-term monitoring of water quality and flow Integration of data with Delft-3D (hydrodynamics, biogeochemical models) Continue field studies across marsh and sediment/water column nutrient fluxes

6 6 1974 1983 1995 2002 Coastal Deltaic Floodplain Wellner et al. 2005 Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

7 7 -Types of deltaic floodplains that control ecosystem patterns change over time with terrestrial vs coastal influences. -How do the concepts of emergent ecosystems in coastal deltaic floodplains follow the established concepts for emergent ecosystems (succession) 2: Concept of Emergent Ecosystems – Successional Chronosequences Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

8 8 WLD as an Analog for New Land-Building Diversions Morgan City Constructed in 1942 - 25 km long - First subaerial after 1973 Natural delta channel formation 30% of Atchafalaya flow is diverted through WLO (~10% of MR) Discharge comparable to proposed sediment diversions - WLO: 900 to 8800 m 3 s -1 - LA MP: 142; 1416; 7080 m 3 s -1 Land building estimates: - Growth rate: 1 km 2 yr -1 - Area: ~100 km 2 (Kim et al. 2009; Allen et al. 2011; Shaw et al. 2013) Wax Lake Outlet Wax Lake Delta (WLD) Atchafalaya Delta Atchafalaya River Intracoastal Waterway Morgan City Louisiana N N 4 Km Google Earth 2013 Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

9 9 Water Quality Survey - Mike and Pintail Islands - Intensive grid (150 x 250 m) sampling in Mike Island and Pintail Island (30 and 34 stations, respectively). - Monthly sampling from March to August 2013 to capture variability during peak spring-summer flood season. Sampling resumed on March 2014. - Variables: water column TN, TP, inorganic nutrients, temp, salinity, conductivity, water velocity and direction, and water depth. - Surveys allowed us to understand flow paths and make decisions about instrumentation location within Mike island. 0 km 1.75 km Mike Island Pintail Island Creek Channel Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

10 10 Cell phone tower MIKE1- MASTER BOX MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island 0 km 1.5 km Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics (FESD): A Delta Dynamics Observatory OBS-500 Turbidity Pressure transducer Temperature/ Conductivity SUNA-V2 Nitrate sensor Argonaut-ADV 2D side-looking probe

11 11 LoggerNet – Real-Time Data Collection Variables collected MIKE1 Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

12 Wax Lake Delta Observatory - Water Levels MIKE1 MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island Mike 2 Mike 5 Mike 6 Water Level (ft) March 2014 - June 2015 Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

13 13 Water Level Changes - MIKE1 No data Cold front Cold fronts 2014 MIKE1 MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island Wax Lake Delta Observatory - Water Levels Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

14 Wax Lake Delta Observatory - Surface Water Nitrate March-June 2015 MIKE1 MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island Mike1Mike2 Mike3 Mike4Mike5Mike6 Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

15 Wax Lake Delta Observatory Low nitrate values are associated with shallow vegetated (e.g., Mike2) areas and higher water residence time and water temperature along the island edges. Long-term continuous nitrate data from the Observatory will help explain the surface nitrate dynamics we have observed inside delta islands during the monthly WQ surveys (2013-2014). March-June 2015 MIKE1- MASTER BOX MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island 0 km 1.8 km Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

16 Wax Lake Delta Observatory MIKE1- MASTER BOX MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island 0 km 1.8 km Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

17 Wax Lake Delta Observatory MIKE1- MASTER BOX MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island 0 km 1.8 km Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

18 Wax Lake Delta Observatory MIKE1- MASTER BOX MIKE2 MIKE4 MIKE5 MIKE6 MIKE3 Creek Mike Island 0 km 1.8 km Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

19 Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Coastal SEES program of National Science Foundation under the agreement number EAR-1427389, and Frontiers of Earth Surface Dynamics (FESD) under the agreement number OCE-1135427. Support was also provided by Louisiana Sea Grant and match from LSU. Robert R. Twilley DATA FLOW 2016

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