1. AIM: How did Mali emerge as a powerful trading Kingdom? Directions: Copy all underlined notes in your notebook Answer all multiple choice and short answer questions in your notebook. DO NOT continue after the check for understanding questions until Keith or Khalil has approved your answers!!

2. Background: After the fall of Ghana, the West African Kingdom of Mali emerged as The next great trading empire.

3. Just the FACTS: Just as in Ghana, the rulers of Mali took control of the gold fields. By controlling the gold fields, the rulers of Mali greatly increased the kingdom’s revenue and power. All traders that entered and exited the kingdom were forced to pay taxes.

4. Mansa Musa was a great king of Mali.

5. Mansa Musa The most powerful king of Mali was Mansa Musa. He ruled Mali from 1312-1337. Mansa Musa set up a great center of learning in Timbuktu. He also expanded the empire.

6. Check for Understanding: Answer in your notebook. One similarity between the Ancient African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, and Mali is that all of these kingdoms were located A. in mountainous terrain B. in coastal areas C. on major trading routes D. in rain forest areas

7. Check for Understanding: Answer in your notebook. One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they A. were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers B. had no contact with the rest of the world C. followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers D. developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and salt

8. A great center for learning was established in Timbuktu.

9. Conversion to Islam Mansa Musa converted to Islam. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca. Pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. During his pilgrimage to Mecca, Mansa Musa gave away a tremendous amount of gold.

10. Mansa Musa was a famous ruler of Mali. He expanded his empire, established a great center for learning, and made a pilgrimage to Mecca.

11. REVIEW: The Five Pillars The Five Pillars of Islam: 1.Belief in One God 2.Pray five times a day facing the holy city of Mecca 1.Fasting during Ramadan 2.Charity to the Poor 3.Pilgrimage or holy trip to Mecca

12. Mecca is a holy city to Muslims. It is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad.

13. Questions for Reflection: What was the Trans-Saharan trade and how did it increase cultural diffusion? What was one similarity between Ghana and Mali? Who was the most significant ruler of Mali and why was he important? Why did this ruler take a pilgrimage to Mecca?