1. mod 3 Regional anesthesia Types
1- Spinal anesthesia Nerve block
A- Subarachonoid A- Supraorbital N.B.
B- Epidural B- Infraorbital N.B.
C- Mental N.B.
D- Volar N.B.
E- Posterior digital
F- Cornual N.B.
G-Retrobulbar N.B.
H- Paravertebral Anesth.
By dr.abd-Elbasit

2. Spinal anesthesia Spinal cord (C. Section)

3. Indications of epidural anesthesia
I- Posterior epidural
A- Docking
B- Surgery of the perineal region
C- Dystocia
D- Rectal prolapse
E- Vaginal &/or uterine prolapse

4. II-Anterior epidural Anesth.
A- Cesarean section in ruminant animals.
B- Operations at the hind quarters.
C- Casteration.
D- Operations at the udder.
E- Laparotomies behind the level of umblicus

5. Local anesthetics in epidural.
Procaine Hcl %
Xylocaine %
Doses
Posterior type ml. Large animals
Anterior type ml. Large anim.
In sheep & goats ml.
In dogs 1ml. / 5 kg.B. W.

6. Site of injection In cattle & equines 1st. Intercoccygeal space.
In buffalos & camels Sacrococcygeal Space
In dogs, sheep & goats Lumbosacral space

7. I- Epidural Anesthesia A- Horses

8. B- Epidural A. cattle

9. C- Epidural Dogs

10. Technique of injection
1- Prepare the site of injection for aseptic interference.
2- Insert the needle at the midline of the site of injection through the skin.
3- Inject 1 ml of local anesthetic to minimize the movement at the part.
4- Insert the needle downwardly and forwardly at an angle oC.
5- Make aspiration test to ensure that the needle does not pentrate blood vessle or subarachonoid space.
6- Inject the desirable dose of the local anesthetic.

11. Signs of the posterior epidural
1- Flaccidity of tail.
2- Loss of anal reflex and dilatation of anal sphincter.
3- loss of skin reflex at the tail and perineum.
4- The animal maintain the standing position.

12. Signs of anterior epidural
1- The animal can not maintain the standing position and fail down.
2- Loss of skin sensation at the hind quarter and the abdomen to the level of umblicus.

13. Complications of epidural anesthesia
1- Hypotention.
2- Respiratory failure
3- Fructure
4- Meningitis
5- Absence of anesthetic signs.
6- Signs of local anesthetic toxicity.

14. II- Nerve block anesthesia Head of horse

15. Diagnosis of lameness by anesthesia

16. Retrobulbar Nerve Block in cattle

17. Nerve block in cattle Cornual Nerve

18. Cornual nerve block in goat

19. Proximal paravertebral in cattle

20. Distal paravertebral anesthesia

21. Intravenous regional anesthesia in cattle

22. Intravenous regional anesthesia in dogs