1. Chile in the Cold War Parque Cultural Cerro Cárcel, Valparaíso, Chile

2. Chile in the Cold War Essential Question: – How did the Cold War affect the development of Chile? Objectives: – To understand the basic historical context for modern Chilean history – To understand the historical factors behind the 1973 military coup in Chile Homework: – None – Test Thursday/Friday – Finish all spying by Thursday/Friday

3. Where in the world?

4. Chile in the Cold War Essential Question: – How did the Cold War affect the development of Chile? Objectives: – To understand the basic historical context for modern Chilean history – To understand how Chilean society was influenced by American culture How some Chileans saw this as cultural imperialism How we would analyze it today in terms of globalization – To understand the historical factors behind the 1973 military coup in Chile Homework: – Complete Chilean coup data sets/exit ticket (maybe)

5. Chile: Background Native peoples: Araucarians – Inca people in the north Colonized by Spain in 1540 – Agriculture, copper – Mestizo society Won war of independence (1810-1827) Independent Chile – Strong democratic institutions – Society dominated by landowners, Catholic Church

6. Salvador Allende 1960s – More working class people influenced politics – Political polarization – left vs. right Marxist Salvador Allende elected president in 1970 – Announced peaceful “Chilean Road to Socialism” – Redistribution of wealth – nationalization of major industries and seizure of large land estates – Was overthrown by Augusto Pinochet in a military coup in 1973 The Other 9/11 (BBC) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_MZdjvo6WE (4:15-10:22 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_MZdjvo6WE

7. Chile: Background Native peoples: Araucarians – Inca people in the north Colonized by Spain in 1540 – Agriculture, copper – Mestizo society Won war of independence (1810-1827) Independent Chile – Strong democratic institutions – Society dominated by landowners, Catholic Church 1960s – More working class people influenced politics – Political polarization – left vs. right – Marxist Salvador Allende elected president in 1970 Announced “Chilean Road to Socialism” Was overthrown by Augusto Pinochet in a military coup in 1973

8. Cultural Imperialism and Globalization Cultural imperialism – The cultural aspects of imperialism Or – A historical process in which: A powerful society imposes its culture onto a less powerful one Globalization – A worldwide historical process that: links people, companies, governments and other organizations from different countries makes them increasingly integrated and interdependent is driven by international trade and investment as well as advances in information and transportation technology has cultural, environmental, economic and political dimensions

9. Music Analysis: Victor Jara – ¿Quién mató a Carmencita? Jara was a Chilean folk musician with leftist politics. He supported Allende’s government. He wrote this song in response to reading about the suicide of a teenage girl in the newspaper. Read the lyrics as you listen to the song. What, for Jara, was the cause of Carmencita’s death? – Hint: Think about cultural imperialism

10. What factors led to Pinochet becoming president (or more accurately, dictator) of Chile? Inquiry Question:

11. Data Sets We’ll read each Data Set together as a class. The last one we’ll listen to as a class. “Documents Highlight U.S. Role in Chilean Coup” from NPR’s Weekend Edition: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1421901 (4:49) http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1421901 Nixon and Zeigler on Allende presidency, 1972 http://www.democracynow.org/2013/9/10/40_years_after_chiles_9_11 (2 min) http://www.democracynow.org/2013/9/10/40_years_after_chiles_9_11 After each data set, record whether and how it changed your hypothesis.

12. Pinochet in Power Military dictatorship Police state, censorship, curfews State terror/human rights abuses: – Over 3,000 people executed – Over 100,000 people tortured – Over 200,000 people exiled Part of Operation Condor (1968-1989), an attempt by right wing governments across South America to eliminate communist influence – Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil (Ecuador and Peru) – Supported by the CIA through technical and military aid – This was called the “Dirty War” in Argentina and other South American countries

13. Pinochet’s Capitalism Allende’s presidency had problems before Pinochet – “a carnival of madness” – Eduardo Frei Montalva – Leftist policies polarized society and politicized the military and educational systems Pinochet was Advised by Milton Friedman’s Chicago School economists Privatized almost all services (transportation, education, etc.) except copper mining industry (largest) Led to economic growth, but also increased inequality

14. Chile after Pinochet Pinochet agreed to a plebiscite in 1988 – People voted “yes” or “no” on Pinochet – “No” won (55%) despite fears of reprisals Transition to democracy in the 1990s Economic growth has continued; Chile has the highest standard of living in Latin America

15. Chile after Pinochet Chile has elected two socialist presidents since – Ricardo Lagos was exiled during the dictatorship – Current president Michelle Bachelet, whose father worked for Allende’s government, was tortured before being exiled – Both have pursued moderate social democratic policies (free trade plus social programs—health, education, housing)

16. Exit ticket Write a paragraph in which you answer the inquiry question: What factors led to Pinochet becoming president of Chile?