1. Ch 14.1 Properties of Acids and Bases

2. Acids  Are sour to taste  React with bases to produce salt and water.  React with metals and release H 2 gas  Turn litmus paper red  Conduct an electric current.  Examples: citrus fruit, tomatoes, HCl, and stomach acid

3. Acid Nomenclature  Binary Acid: an acid that contains only 2 different elements: Hydrogen &one of the more electronegative elements.  Naming: begins with hydro- followed by the root of the 2nd element & ends in -ic.  Oxyacid: an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and third element, usually a nonmetal.

4. Common Industrial Acids  Sulfuric Acid – H 2 SO 4  Nitric Acid – HNO 3  Phosphoric Acid – H 3 PO 4  Hydrochloric Acid - HCl  Acetic Acid – CH 3 COOH

5. Bases  Are bitter to taste  Feel slippery  React to neutralize acids, forming salt and water  Turn litmus paper blue  Conduct an electric current.  Examples: Baking Soda, Soaps, Ammonia, and NaOH

6. Arrhenius Acid  Produces H + in an aqueous solution. Once present, the H + combines with water to form H 3 O + (called hydronium).  The dissociation of HCl looked like: HCl  H + + Cl -  But it was actually: HCl + H 2 O  Cl - + H 3 O +

7. Arrhenius Base  Produces OH - in solution.  Examples: NaOH  Na + + OH - NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH -

8. Dissociation  The strength of an acid or base depends on the amount of dissociation that occurs. This depends on the polarity of the bond and the ease at which the bond can break.  Organic Acids containing carboxyl/acid groups COOH, like vinegar, are generally weak.

9. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour taste 2. Turn litmus paper blue 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. Conduct electric current in solution. 5. Have a bitter taste. 6. React with acids to produce salt and water.

10.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blue 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. Conduct electric current in solution. 5. Have a bitter taste. 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. Science Starter

11.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blueBASE 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. Conduct electric current in solution. 5. Have a bitter taste. 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. Science Starter

12.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blueBASE 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. ACID 4. Conduct electric current in solution. 5. Have a bitter taste. 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. Science Starter

13.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blueBASE 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. ACID 4. Conduct electric current in solution. BOTH 5. Have a bitter taste. 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. Science Starter

14.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blueBASE 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. ACID 4. Conduct electric current in solution. BOTH 5. Have a bitter taste. BASE 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. Science Starter

15.  Select Acid or Base for the following properties: 1. Have a sour tasteACID 2. Turn litmus paper blueBASE 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. ACID 4. Conduct electric current in solution. BOTH 5. Have a bitter taste. BASE 6. React with acids to produce salt and water. BASE Science Starter

16. Ch 14.2 Acid-Base Theories

17. Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases  Do not require aqueous solutions.  Acids are defined as proton (H + ) donors and bases are proton (H + ) acceptors.  Examples: HCl + NH 3  NH 4 + + Cl - A B H 2 O + NH 3  NH 4 + + OH - A B

18. Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids  Monoprotic: can donate only one proton (H + ) per molecule. HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl -  Polyprotic: can donate more than one proton (H + ) per molecule. Diprotic: Can donate 2 protons. H 2 SO 4 Triprotic: Can donate 3 protons. H 3 PO 4

19. Lewis Acids and Bases  Lewis of electron dot structure fame  Where both Arrhenius and Bronsted- Lowry acids contain or produce H +, but Lewis acids don’t have to.  An acid is defined as an ion, atom, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent compound.  A base donates an electron pair.

20. Lewis Acids and Bases  They can exist in solid, liquid, or gas phase.  Examples H + + NH 3  NH 4 + H 2 O + HCl  Cl - + H 3 O + BF 3 + F -  BF 4 -

21.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric Acid 2. Hydrosulfuric Acid 3. Chlorous Acid 4. Sodium Hydroxide 5. Aluminum Hydroxide Science Starter

22.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 2. Hydrosulfuric Acid 3. Chlorous Acid 4. Sodium Hydroxide 5. Aluminum Hydroxide Science Starter

23.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 2. Hydrosulfuric AcidH 2 S 3. Chlorous Acid 4. Sodium Hydroxide 5. Aluminum Hydroxide Science Starter

24.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 2. Hydrosulfuric AcidH 2 S 3. Chlorous AcidHClO 2 4. Sodium Hydroxide 5. Aluminum Hydroxide Science Starter

25.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 2. Hydrosulfuric AcidH 2 S 3. Chlorous AcidHClO 2 4. Sodium HydroxideNaOH 5. Aluminum Hydroxide Science Starter

26.  Write formulas for the following acids and bases: 1. Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 2. Hydrosulfuric AcidH 2 S 3. Chlorous AcidHClO 2 4. Sodium HydroxideNaOH 5. Aluminum HydroxideAl(OH) 3 Science Starter

27. Ch 14.3 Acid-Base Reactions

28. Conjugate Acids and Bases  When a Bronsted-Lowry acid gives up a proton, it becomes a B-L Base because it can then accept a proton. Reactions usually involve two acid- base pairs. HCl + NH 3  NH 4 + + Cl - A B CACB H 2 O + NH 3  NH 4 + + OH - A B CACB

29.  In general, strong acids have weak conjugate bases and weak acids have strong conjugate bases.  Proton-transfer reactions favor the production of the weaker acid and weaker base.

30. Amphoteric Substances  Substances which can be an acid or a base.  Whether it acts as one or the other depends on the strength of what it reacts with.  Example: H 2 O: H 2 O + NH 3  NH 4 + + OH - H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O  H 3 O + + HSO 4 -

31. Acid Rain  Rain that is very acidic  Industrial processes produce gases such as NO, NO 2, CO 2, SO 2, and SO 3. These can dissolve in water producing acidic solutions that fall to the ground in the form of rain. This Acid Rain can erode statues and affect ecosystems.

32. Neutralization Reactions  A base neutralizes an acid forming salt and water.  Complete and Balance the following: HCl + LiOH  H 2 SO 4 + Ba(OH) 2  Nitric Acid + Potassium Hydroxide  Hydrobromic Acid + Calcium Hydroxide  Sulfurous Acid + Strontium Hydroxide 

33.  Write the Formulas and then Complete and Balance the following neutralization reaction: Phosphoric Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide  Science Starter

34.  Write the Formulas and then Complete and Balance the following neutralization reaction: Phosphoric Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide  H 3 PO 4 + Al(OH) 3  Science Starter

35.  Write the Formulas and then Complete and Balance the following neutralization reaction: Phosphoric Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide  H 3 PO 4 + Al(OH) 3  H 2 O + AlPO 4 Science Starter

36.  Write the Formulas and then Complete and Balance the following neutralization reaction: Phosphoric Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide  H 3 PO 4 + Al(OH) 3  3H 2 O + AlPO 4 Science Starter

37.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 2. LiOH 3. HNO 3 4. Ca(OH) 2 5. H 2 S 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

38.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOH 3. HNO 3 4. Ca(OH) 2 5. H 2 S 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

39.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 4. Ca(OH) 2 5. H 2 S 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

40.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 5. H 2 S 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

41.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide 5. H 2 S 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

42.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide 5. H 2 SSulfide  Hydrosulfuric Acid 6. NaOH 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

43.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide 5. H 2 SSulfide  Hydrosulfuric Acid 6. NaOHSodium Hydroxide 7. H 3 PO 4 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

44.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide 5. H 2 SSulfide  Hydrosulfuric Acid 6. NaOHSodium Hydroxide 7. H 3 PO 4 Phosphate  Phosphoric Acid 8. Al(OH) 3 Science Starter

45.  Name the following Acids and Bases: 1. H 2 SO 4 Sulfate  Sulfuric Acid 2. LiOHLithium Hydroxide 3. HNO 3 Nitrate  Nitric Acid 4. Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide 5. H 2 SSulfide  Hydrosulfuric Acid 6. NaOHSodium Hydroxide 7. H 3 PO 4 Phosphate  Phosphoric Acid 8. Al(OH) 3 Aluminum Hydroxide TURN SCIENCE STARTER INTO TRAY! Science Starter

46. Week of 2/29/16  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slippery 2. Turn litmus paper red 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

47. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper red 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

48. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper redAcid 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

49. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper redAcid 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. Acid 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

50. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper redAcid 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. Acid 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. Acid 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

51. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper redAcid 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. Acid 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. Acid 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) Acid 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH)

52. Science Starter  Select Acid or Base for the following : 1. Feel slipperyBase 2. Turn litmus paper redAcid 3. React with metals to produce H 2 gas. Acid 4. React with bases to produce salt and water. Acid 5. Begin with Hydrogen in the front (HCl) Acid 6. End with Hydroxide (NaOH) Base

53.  Write “Test” on Science Starter & put away.  Staple homework together and turn into the tray.  Remember to write absent if you were absent.  Write late or ½ if you did not get it stamped but finished it for ½ credit.  Draw an X if the assignment is not finished.  Get out your periodic table and a pen or pencil, no calculator needed.  Put everything else away. Science Starter