2. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:United_States_1859-1860.png

3. John Gast, American Progress, 1872

4. man ⋅ i ⋅ fest (adj) readily perceived by the eye or the understanding; evident; obvious; apparent; plain: a manifest error. des ⋅ ti ⋅ ny (n) the predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible, course of events. Manifest Destiny

5. “Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe… possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation…” -- Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address March 4, 1801 Jefferson

6. “I shall need, too, the favor of that Being in whose hands we are, who led our forefathers, as Israel of old, from their native land, and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries and comforts of life; who has covered our infancy with his providence, and our riper years with his wisdom and power…” -- Thomas Jefferson, Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1805 Manifest Destiny Jefferson

8. The “Republic of West Florida” A Scholarly Article on the Subject September 23 – October 27, 1810 The Bonnie Blue Flag ANNEXED to the United States Anglo settlers seceded from Spain and wanted to join the U.S.

9. Treaty Text U.S. purchased (East) Florida from Spain and settled southwestern boundary. The Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

10. 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain Establishes a federal republic 1823 Land grants offered in Texas to Anglo settlers from the U.S. 1834 Mexico under military dictatorship 1836 Texas declares independence As did several other Mexican states FEDERALISM Mexico Est. 1821

11. The “Lone Star” Republic

12. Texas War for Independence 1836 San Jacinto (1836) DECISIVE Texas Victory “Remember the Alamo!” The Alamo (1836) Outnumbered Texans defeated Prisoners executed

13. “Founding Fathers” of Texas Stephen F. Austin Virginia  Missouri  Texas Colonizer and “Father” of Texas First Secretary of State Sam Houston Virginia  Tennessee  Texas General in the War for Independence First President

14. Border Dispute The Republic of Texas claimed the Rio Grande as its border with Mexico. The government of Mexico didn’t recognize this border.

15. A Delicate Balance War of 1812

16. Annexation of Texas 1837 – Texas petitions the U.S. for annexation U.S. Government takes no action TWO REASONS: The Balance of Power Border Dispute

17. John Gast, American Progress, 1872 Meanwhile…

19. 1844 Presidential Election Political Cartoon James K. Polk Democrat Henry Clay Whig Main Issue: Western Expansion PRO-EXPANSION ANTI-EXPANSION

21. John Tyler (W-VA) Tenth President of the U.S. 1841-1845 First Un-elected President “His Accidency” Kicked out of Whig Party for support of states’ rights and westward expansion Annexed Texas during a lame-duck session of Congress in 1845. http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html

22. “Dark Horse” Nominated after nine ballots PLATFORM: Annexation/Expansion Settled Oregon Boundary Mexican War One Term Pledge http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jp11.html James K. Polk (D-TN) Eleventh President of the U.S. 1845-1849

23. MANIFEST DESTINY Part III: American Pioneers Photo by Snap Man Snap Man

24. American Pioneers Map Credit: http://wps.ablongman.comhttp://wps.ablongman.com The Western Trails Mormon TrailGod California TrailGold Oregon TrailaGriculture

25. Oregon/Mormon/California Trail Stats: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail#Emigrants http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail#Emigrants Between 1845-1850, thousands of Midwestern farmers sold their land and made the journey to Oregon’s Willamette Valley to start fresh. The Oregon Trail The Oregon TerritoryThe State of Oregon

26. Remember This?

27. Independence Rock Travelers on the Oregon Trail had to reach Independence Rock by July 4 if they wanted to make it to Oregon before the harsh winter struck.

28. Oregon Trail Reenactment in Idaho http://www.visitidaho.org/press/assets/images/hires/OregonTrail1.jphttp://www.visitidaho.org/press/assets/images/hires/OregonTrail1.jp g

29. Oregon’s Willamette Valley is full of fresh, fertile farmland. This is a picture of a farm in Polk County, Oregon. Oregon’s Willamette Valley is full of fresh, fertile farmland. This is a picture of a farm in Polk County, Oregon.

30. C.C.A. ChristensenC.C.A. Christensen, Tarring and Feathering the Prophet

31. The Latter Day Saint Movement Map Credit: http://www.pbs.org/mormons/map/map_intro.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/mormons/map/map_intro.html Link to Documentary (aka, Mormons)

32. The Death of Joseph Smith “Pepper Box” Joseph Smith LDS Prophet 1844 Carthage Jail Carthage, Illinois

33. Many Mormon families that were too poor to buy covered wagons or beasts of burden transported their belongings in handcarts.

34. Mormon Pioneers Brigham Young Smith’s Successor Brigham Young Smith’s Successor A Modern-day Mormon Exodus: Handcart Pioneers

35. “This is the Place” Monument Salt Lake City, Utah Click the painting for more artwork.

36. Utah Utah eventually became a U.S. territory and state, although its borders were whittled down over time by the federal government.

37. Physical Map of Utah

38. Population Density of Utah

39. Population Density of the United States

40. California Gold Rush 1849 Forty-Niners

41. Women on the Western Trails http://www.martha-terry.com/AK-25.htmlhttp://www.traveloregon.com Women achieved political equality in the West first, starting in Wyoming.

42. National Constitution Center: http://constitutioncenter.org/timeline/html/cw08_12159.htmlhttp://constitutioncenter.org/timeline/html/cw08_12159.html

43. American Pioneers A Graphic Organizer