1. Rajakalanithi.A 1, Nagalakshmi.K 1, Sujatha.S 1 1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattanguluthur-600023. Chennai

2.  Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia and defects in carbohydrates, lipids and protein metabolism (Wandell, 2005)  Defects in carbohydrate machinery and consistant efforts of the physiological systems to correct the imbalance in carbohydrate pose an over excrtion on the endocrine system leading to the deterioration of endocrine control (Cheplick et al., 2010)  Continuing deterioration of endocrine control excert the metabolic disturbances by altering carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and leads to hyperglycemia (Tiwari 2002)

3. URGE FOR A MEDICINAL PLANTS OVER SYNTHETIC DRUG?  Plants have always been an exemplary source of drug and herbal drug which have been investigated all over the world to treat diabetes (Kaushik et al.,2010).  Naravalia zeylanica DC (Ranunculaceae) is an indigenous plant distributed in hilly areas. In Indian system of ayurvedic medicine, this plant has been used in the treatment of various diseases.  Therefore, based on the ethanopharmacological importance, the present study was carried out to prove its effect on carbohydrate metabolism and glucose lowering effect in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats.

4.  PLANT COLLECTION, IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION N. zeylanica were collected from the hill region of Munnar, Iddikki districts, Kerala, India. - Prof. Jayaraman, Director, Plant Anatomy Research Centre, Chennai, India (Ref. no. PARC/2011/914) - 100g of N. zeylanica was extracted sequentially using different organic solvents in increasing order of polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol) at room temperature and was concentrated  ANIMAL MODELING, GROUPS AND TREATMENT Male wistar rats (150 – 200g) used in the study- approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (52/IAEC/2011). After 1 week acclimation period, rats were randomly divided into six groups with five animals each. Group I: Normal untreated rats; Group II: Normal rats treated with methanolic extract (200mg/kg bw); Group III: Diabetic control rats; Group IV: Diabetic rats treated with methanolic extract (100mg/kg bw); Group V: Diabetic rats treated with methanolic extract (200mg/kg bw); Group VI: Diabetic rats treated with Glibenclamide (5mg/kg bw )

5.  ESTIMATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE The blood was collected by picking the tail vein after 12hrs fasting and the blood glucose level was tested by using glucometer and expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).  TISSUE PREPARATION: The liver tissue(1g) was homogenized in 0.1M Tris HCl pH 7.5, and the supernatant was quantified for glucokinase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, tissue was homogenised in 250mM Sucrose/EDTA solution, centrifuged at 3000 rpm at 4ºC the supernatant was used for glucose 6 phosphatase assay.  ENZYMATIC ASSAY FOR ESTIMATING KEY ENZYME INVOLVED IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM a) Glucokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.2) b) Glucose-6-Phophate dehydrogenase(E.C.1.1.1.49) c) Glucose 6 phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.9)

6. Figure1: Effect of methanolic extract of N.zeylanica on Glucokinase level in liver of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as ± SEM, **p<0.05, * p<0.01 when compared with the diabetic control, **p<0.05 when compared with normal control

7. Figure2: Effect of methanolic extract of N.zeylanica on Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase level in liver of diabetic rats.Values are expressed as ± SEM,**p<0.05,* p<0.01when compared with the diabetic control, **p<0.05 when compared with normal control Figure3: Effect of methanolic extract of N.zeylanica on Glucose 6 phosphatase level in liver of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as ± SEM,** p<0.01when compared with the diabetic control, **p<0.01 when compared with normal control ** *

8. Figure 4:Effect of methanolic extract of Naravelia zeylanica on fasting blood Glucose level. Each data are mean±S.E.M. (n=5). * P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus diabetes. # P<0.05 versus control. # # # # # # * ** * *

9. Groups % Glycemic change 5th day10thday20th day30th day40th day45th day Normal+vehicle8.0456.8965.1728.0459.1957.471 Normal+extract6.8422.1054.7366.3158.4214.736 Diabetic control +vehicle-8.115-0.131.4391.9192.3562.617 Diabetic+ Low dose-37.713-48.65-65.127-71.022-71.306-72.064 Diabetic + High dose-35.639-33.933-42.464-62.464-69.857-71.09 Diabetic+ Glibenclimide-38.345-49.624-65.883-66.635-71.992-72.838 Table 1: Calculated percentage Glycemic change (GC) in normal and STZ – induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic extract of Naraveliya zylanica

10. The present investigation - Draws out a sequential metabolic correlation between increased glycolysis and decreased gluconeogenesis stimulated by N.zeylanica - Regulation in glucose homeostasis. FUTURE WORK - To isolate bioactive fraction present in the crude methanolic extract responsible for pharmacological activities.

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12. THANK YOU