1. Early “American Identity”

2. Colonial Society - Health Birth and Death Rates – Life expectancy increases Especially in the North – Number of women increase Birth Rate increases Women Average 8 children (avg. 5 die early in life) Early Medicine – Few professional doctors – Women served as midwives – Humoralism (2 nd Century)

3. Colonial Life - Women Women's rights and roles Could own land Made up majority of church goers

4. Colonial Society - Labor Indentured Servants – provided food and shelter in exchange for servitude (4-7 yrs) – Men Few given land after service – Women Expected to marry after service – System gradually declines as slavery becomes commonplace

5. Colonial Population - Labor Slavery – 11 million in America’s by 19 th century 95% to Caribbean and S. America – “Middle Passage” – 1697 – Royal African Company loses monopoly Trade drastically increases – 1700 - approx. 25,000 in N. America – 1760 - approx. 250,000 – Slave Codes Guaranteed white authority over slaves

7. Changing Immigration Increase in non English immigrants – French – “Huguenots” fleeing Cath. Church – Germans – fleeing religion and wars – Scotch Irish – economic opportunities Colonial Life - Immigration

8. Colonial Life -Economy South – Tobacco – MD, NC, and VA – Rice – SC and GA – ****NOT COTTON until around 1800 North – Small Farms – Artisans and Entrepreneurs Smiths, Cobblers, Etc Mills – Grain, Cloth, Lumber Early Metal Production Ship Building

9. Emerging Patterns - South Plantations – South – Risky due to unstable market – Boom or bust – Creates slave culture 75% lived with 10+ others 50% with 50+ Religion Rebellion (uncommon) – 1739 - Stono Rebellion – SC

10. Stono Rebellion - 1739 Largest organized slave rebellion prior to American Revolution Group of 80-100 Slaves organize and march South towards Florida Approximately 25-30 Colonists killed Eventually stopped and most were either killed or executed Effects South Carolina… – passed the laws restricting slave assembly, education, and movement. – enacted a 10-year halt on slave trade – established penalties against harsh treatment of slaves..

11. Emerging Patterns - North Puritans – N.E. – “Commons” Shared lands – “Town Meetings” Participatory Democracy Had to be member of church – Select few (males) accepted in All must still attend Only First generation granted membership – Halfway Covenant - Partial church membership 2 nd and 3 rd Generation Could now be baptized Could not vote – Salem Witch Trials

12. Colonial Commerce – “Triangular Trade”

13. The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening Beginning the in late 17 th century, new scientific and intellectual breakthroughs impacted “New World” politics and society.

14. Enlightenment – Begins in Europe – Science and Intellectual Discovery – Celebration of “Human Reason” – Growing interest in Education – First Public Schools in Mass Politics – John Locke The Enlightenment

15. The Enlightenment - Literacy Literacy – Dramatic Increase – Almanacs Include Agricultural tips, humor, and weather predictions Poor Richards Almanac - 1732 – Written by Benjamin Franklin – Newspapers Publick Occurrences – Boston 1690 – First Newspaper

16. The Enlightenment – Education Harvard – 1636 – Mass. – Puritans – Training for Ministers William and Mary – 1693 – VA – Anglicans – Philosophy and Divinity Yale – 1701 – CN – Train Clergy and Political leaders – Opponents of Harvard Princeton – 1746 – NJ – Response to Great Awakening – Training for Ministers – J. Edwards – one of the first Pres. Colombia – 1754 – NY – Secular

17. The Enlightenment Science, Law, and Politics Science – Benjamin Franklin Electricity experiments – Cotton Mather Smallpox Inoculation Law and Politics – Zenger Trial - 1733 John Peter Zenger accused of libel Court rules – Not libel if true

18. The (1 st ) Great Awakening Colonial Religion – Church of England Official religion in most colonies Usually ignored – Breaking into Denominations Baptist Dutch Reformed Methodist – Religious Discrimination Anti Catholicism Anti Jew

19. Great Awakening – 1730-40s – Result of weakening piety – Called for renewal of relationship with God – Evangelism Jonathan Edwards Traveled to deliver message Used descriptions of hell to scare listeners The (1 st ) Great Awakening

20. George Whitefield – Evangelist