1. 1 American Society in the 18th Century Influence of Geography Isolated by 3000 miles Isolated by wilderness Largely self-governing Violence Land cheap and labor scarce Abundance of food 2

2. I. New England’s Freehold Society A. Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy 1. Husband the Head of the Household 2. Wife as the “Helpmate” 3. Motherhood 4. Restrictions 5. Marriage

3. I. New England’s Freehold Society C.Freehold Society in Crisis 1. Population Increase 2. Changes in Family Life 3. “Household Mode of Production” D. Importance of Education 1. 1647 Massachusetts School Law 2. 1636 Harvard E. Halfway Covenant

4. II. Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765 A. Economic Growth and Social Inequality 1. Tenancy in New York 2. Conflict in Quaker Pennsylvania 3. Landlessness and Crime

7. II. Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765 B. Cultural Diversity 1. Middle Colonies Not a “Melting Pot” 2. The German Influx 3. Scots-Irish Settlers

10. II. Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765 C. Religious Identity and Political Conflict 1. Religious Diversity

12. III. Imperial Slave Economy

13. III. The Imperial Slave Economy C. Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina 1. Chesapeake 2. South Carolina D. An African American Community Emerges 1. Building Community

15. III. The Imperial Slave Economy E. Resistance and Accommodation 1. White Violence 2. The Stono Rebellion 3. NYC Slave Revolt 1712 F. William Byrd and the Rise of the Southern Gentry 1. White Identity and Inequality

16. 16 Theory of Mercantilism Chief Features Value of Colonies –England wants a market... –Colonies want... Distractions 17

18. IV. The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 A. From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion 1. The Navigation Acts –numerous acts –1696

19. Trade Enumerated Goods Lumber Tobacco Rice Indigo Furs To England from Colonies

20. Manufactured Goods Furniture Clothing Colonials had not factories. From England to Colonies

21. 21 Effects of Mercantilism 1. England: colony’s chief trading partner 2. non-enumerated goods flowed directly to foreign ports 3. Some industries flourish 4. British inefficiency 5. Colonial prosperity 22

22. IV. The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 2. The Dominion of New England

23. IV. The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 C. The Glorious Revolution in England and America 1. In England 2. Rebellions in America

24. 24 Rebellions in America (cont) 1. Maryland: economic and religious causes 2. New York: Leisler’s Rebellion –ethnic and class overtones 25

25. III. The Imperial Slave Economy G. The Northern Maritime Economy 1. The Urban Economy 2. Urban Society

26. flour, lumber, fish, molasses, sugar, manufactures, bills of exchange

27. V. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750 B. Salutary Neglect 1. Sir Robert Walpole

28. V. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750 A. Similarities in government 1. Governors 2. Bicameral legislatures 3. Voters

29. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 A. The Enlightenment in America 1. The European Enlightenment 2. John Locke 3. Franklin’s Contributions

30. 30 VI. Religion in the 18th Century 1. Anglican Church  State-supported 2. Congregational Church 3. Decline of Puritan religion in 18th century 30

31. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 B. American Pietism and the Great Awakening 1. Pietism 2. Jonathan Edwards’s Calvinism 3. Whitefield’s Great Awakening (1730s-40s)

32. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 C. Religious Upheaval in the North 1. Old Lights and New Lights

34. VI. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765 D. Social and Religious Conflict in the South 1. The Presbyterian Revival 2. The Baptist Insurgency

35. 35 Effects of the GA Challenges older clergy new Christian denominations Increase missionary work to NA and slaves New schools 1st spontaneous movement of American ppl 35

36. Religion and Science as Partners The Enlightenment and Great Awakening combine to EMPOWER citizens. If people can control their salvation, and can control their lives through education, then they can, and should, control their politics. Following the arbitrary rules of a king does not follow reason. People should be able to control their government. All people, not just an aristocracy should have a say in the government- this is a natural right. All of these issues, created by the ENLIGHTENMENT and GREAT AWAKENING, helped create the foundation for the American Revolution.