2. Capital Pacific Ocean Nevada Arizona Oregon Established as a state: September 9, 1850 Capital: Sacramento Current Population (2014): 38,802,500 Largest City: Los Angeles Highest Point: Mt. Whitney Lowest Point: Death Valley Largest Rivers: Sacrament & San Joaquin Mt. Whitney Death Valley N EW S Los Angeles

3. 21 Missions Mission La Purisima Mission Soledad Mission San Antonio Mission San Buenaventura Mission San Carlos Mission San Diego (*first mission) Mission San Fernando Mission San Francisco de Asis Mission San Francisco de Solano Mission San Gabriel Mission San Jose Mission San Juan Bautista Mission San Juan Capistrano Mission San Luis Obispo Mission San Luis Rey Mission San Miguel Mission San Rafael Mission Santa Barbara Mission Santa Clara Mission Santa Cruz Mission Santa  Early settlers of Native Americans: Chumash, Maidu, Miwok, Modoc, Mohave, Ohlone, Pomo, Serrano, Shasta, Tataviam, Tongva, Wintu &Yurok  Mexican &European explorations, beginning in 1530, included Hernán Cortés, Francisco de Ulloa, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, & Sir Francis Drake  First Spanish Mission founded in 1769, by Junipero Serra, to claim land for the Spain from Russia.  Mexican-American War (aka “Bear Flag Revolt”) began 1846. Americans won control of California in 1848 when the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed.

4.  Gold discovered in 1848 in Coloma in the American River  Discovered by John Marshall, at a mill owned by John Sutter  By 1849, over 300,000 people, mainly miners, flocked to California from all over the world; they were nicknamed “49ers”  The gold rush was the largest migration to California in history  Ended in 1855

5.  Pio Pico -Born 1801 -Last governor of California under Mexican rule  John Bidwell -Born in 1865 -One of the first emigrants on the California Trail, from the east coast -Fought in Mexican-American War -Discovered gold in the Feather River -Member of the House of Representatives  John C. Fremont -Born 1813 -Fought in Mexican-American & Civil War -Surveyed land for Transcontinental Railroad  George Donner & James Reed -Born 1784 & 1800 -Pioneers from Midwest -Led their families (84 people) to California -Of 84 people, 48 survived the harsh winter

6.  “The Big Four” -The main influencers of the Transcontinental Railroad -Leland Stanford, C.P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, & Charles Crocker  Biddy Mason -Born 1818 -One of the first African-Americans to own land in Los Angeles

7.  3 rd largest state in United States (behind Alaska & Texas)  #1 state for dairy  Home of the largest trees: Redwoods  Grown in CA: (just to name a few) -Almonds, grapes, artichokes, figs, dates, olives, raisins, walnuts,strawberries, avocado, & garlic  The Golden Gate Bridge is continuously painted  58 counties

8. Motto: Eureka Nickname: “The Golden State” Bird: California Quail Tree: Redwood Flower: Golden Poppy Song: “I Love You, California” Animal: Grizzly Bear Colors: Blue and Gold Grass: Purple Needlegrass Amphibian: Red-legged Frog Reptile: Pacific Leatherback Sea Turtle

9. http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1081 http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/home.html http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/ http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/california

10.  About Travel. (2015) California Facts. Retrieved from http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/topcalifornia/ig/California-Facts/Cool-Fun-Facts.htm http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/topcalifornia/ig/California-Facts/Cool-Fun-Facts.htm  California Missions Foundation. (2013) Retrieved from http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/home.html http://californiamissionsfoundation.org/home.html  California State Library (2015). Retrieved from http://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.htmlhttp://www.library.ca.gov/history/symbols.html