1. The Age of Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales

2. Historical Background The Hundred Years ’ War The Hundred Years ’ War The 1381 Peasant Uprising The 1381 Peasant Uprising Awakening of national consciousness Awakening of national consciousness People ’ s hatred for the corrupt church and nobles — John Wycliff and William Langland People ’ s hatred for the corrupt church and nobles — John Wycliff and William Langland Edward III, watercolour, 15th century; in the British Library (Cotton MS. Julius E. IV)

3. His Contemporaries John Wycliff (1324?- 1384) John Wycliff (1324?- 1384) Translation of the Bible into Standard English(-- Father of English Prose) Translation of the Bible into Standard English(-- Father of English Prose) Pamphlets in Latin against abuse of power Pamphlets in Latin against abuse of power Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight William Langland(1330?-1400?) William Langland(1330?-1400?) The Vision of Piers Plowman (an allegory)an allegory John of England, from an early 14th-century illumination.

4. Allegory An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching.

5. Geoffrey Chaucer(ca.1340-1400) The works of Chaucer The works of Chaucer The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales

6. Three Periods of Chaucer ’ s Works 1360-1372, under the influence of French literature; the Book of the Duchess 1360-1372, under the influence of French literature; the Book of the Duchess 1372-1386, under the influence of Italian literature; Troilus and Cryseyde 1372-1386, under the influence of Italian literature; Troilus and Cryseyde 1386-1400, the Canterbury Tales 1386-1400, the Canterbury Tales Boccaccio, detail of a fresco by Andrea del Castagno; in the Cenacolo di Sant' Apollonia, Florence

7. The Prologue Heroic couplet Heroic couplet Heroic couplet Heroic couplet Caesura Caesura Caesura Description Description Humour Humour

8. Heroic Couplet It comprises rhymed decasyllables, nearly always in iambic pentameters rhymed in pairs: one of the commonest metrical forms in English poetry but of uncertain origin. – Cuddon, J.A., A Dictionary of Literary Terms, p.299 It comprises rhymed decasyllables, nearly always in iambic pentameters rhymed in pairs: one of the commonest metrical forms in English poetry but of uncertain origin. – Cuddon, J.A., A Dictionary of Literary Terms, p.299

9. Names of Feet Name of Foot Name of Meter Meas ure IambIambic × / TrocheeTrochaic/× AnapestAnapestic ×× / DactylDactylic / ×× SpondeeSpondaic / / PyrrhicPyrrhic×× Trochee trips from long to short; From long to long in solemn sort Slow Spondee stalks; strong foot yet ill able Ever to come up with Dactylic trisyllable. Iambics march from short to long - With a leap and a bound the swift Anapests throng. —Samuel Taylor Coleridge

10. Names of the Lines LengthName one foot Monometer two feet Dimeter three feet Trimeter four feet Tetrameter five feet Pentameter six feet Hexameter seven feet Heptameter eight feet Octameter

11. The Canterbury Tales In Middle English Whan that Aprill with his shoures sote × × | / × | × × | / × | / × | × × | / × | × × | / × | / × | The droghte of Marche hath perced to the rote, × / | × / | × / | ××|× / | And bathed every veyne in swich licour × / | × / |× / | × / | / × | Of which vertu engendered is the flour; … × × | / × | × / | × / | × / | In Modern English When the sweet showers of April fall and shoot × × | / / | × / |× / | × / | × × | / / | × / |× / | × / | Down through the drought of March to pierce the root / × | × / | × / | × / |× / | / × | × / | × / | × / |× / | Bathing every vein in liquid power / × | / × | / ×| / × / | / × | / × | / ×| / × / | From which there springs the engendering of the flower, × × | × / | × × | / × |× ×| × / | × × | × / | × × | / × |× ×| × / |

12. Caesura For highlighting the separated parts, e.g., For highlighting the separated parts, e.g., They made us easy, all was of the best. They made us easy, all was of the best. For variation of sound, e.g. For variation of sound, e.g. Before my story takes a further pace, Before my story takes a further pace, It seems a reasonable thing to say It seems a reasonable thing to say What their condition was, the full array What their condition was, the full array Of each of them, as it appeared to me, Of each of them, as it appeared to me, According to profession and degree, According to profession and degree, And what apparel they were riding in; And what apparel they were riding in;

13. The Canterbury Tales It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer ’ s time; It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer ’ s time; The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics; The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics; Chaucer ’ s apt use of humor, “ the smyler with the knyf under the cloke ” ; Chaucer ’ s apt use of humor, “ the smyler with the knyf under the cloke ” ; Chaucer proved that the English language is a beautiful language and can be easily handled in writing poetry. Chaucer proved that the English language is a beautiful language and can be easily handled in writing poetry. Crypt, Canterbury Cathedral (12th century), England.

14. Assignments Please read from p.47 to p.62, the Fifteenth Century. Please read from p.47 to p.62, the Fifteenth Century.