1. What is the outer layer of the brain called? Why is it important? 10.8.14

2. THE BRAIN 1. Endocrine System - chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. III. Endocrine System A. Pituitary Gland - regulates growth & controls other endocrine glands - called “Master Gland” B. Thyroid Gland - regulates body’s metabolism by producing thyroxin

3. C. Adrenal Glands - secrete hormones (epinephrine & norepinephrine) that arouse the body in times of stress. Fast Fact - Adrenal Glands release cortical steroids which promote muscle development. D. Testes & Ovaries - produce testosterone, estrogen, progesterone III. Endocrine System continued THE BRAIN

4. A. Accidents - See the results of physical brain damage & its affects on people B. Electrical Stimulation -Electric stimulation of one part of the brain causes specific sensations in the body. IV. METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN

5. THE BRAIN C. Electroencephalogram (EEG)- a device that records the electrical activity of the brain. D. Scans - Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT or CT) detect brain damage & measure activity as subjects perform a task. Fast Fact - Acupuncture is based on the belief that by inserting needles into various parts of the body, they can interrupt pain messages sent to the brain, thus alleviating the pain or treating the illness IV. METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN continued

6. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - Shows activity of the brain in real-time using radioactive sugar THE BRAIN D. Scans cont. - Magnetic Resonance (MRI) - person lies in a very powerful magnetic field & radio waves - More effective than CAT D. Scans cont. - Magnetic Resonance (MRI) - person lies in a very powerful magnetic field & radio waves - More effective than CAT IV. METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN continued (f)MRI – combination of PET & MRI. - real-time log of brain activity

7. PHINEAS GAGE What type of scanning device is used to analyze Gage’s brain? What part of Gage’s Brain was damaged? How did Phineas Gage change after the accident? Students write down the following questions in their notes. Write their answers in complete sentences