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2. 2 Technology The Evolution Of

3. 3 What is RFID Technology? Radio Frequency Identification - A technology that uses electronic tags placed on objects, people, or animals to relay identifying information to an electronic reader by means of radio waves.

4. 4 RFID - How does it work? TagsReaders Local Software and Infrastructure Enterprise Integration Local Server Enterprise Resource Planning Supply Chain Planning

5. 5 RFID Tags & Chips RFID Tags  Passive - No integrated power source. Powered by signal in RFID reader and reader antenna on tag  Semi-passive - On-board power source such as a battery to run microchip circuitry  Active - Incorporate a battery to transmit a signal to a reader antenna RFID Chips  Read-only - Data stored must be recorded during manufacturing process and cannot be modified or erased  Write-once - The only difference from read only is the end user is able to program the tag’s memory.  Read-write - data can be written and erased on demand at the time of application

6. 6 RFID - Applications Today RFID Technology is applied virtually everywhere and is integrated into our day to day activities

7. 7 The roots of RFID technology can be traced back to World War II and was used to identify enemy and friendly aircraft First (Passive) RFID System – Germans discovered if pilots rolled their plane upon return to base it changed the radio frequency thus identifying them as friendly aircraft First (Active) RFID System – The British developed the Friend or Foe System or (FFI). Transmitters were placed on each British plane which received radar signals from stations on the ground and broadcasted a signal back identifying it as friendly aircraft RFID - History

8. 8 1973 the first Radio Frequency Identification Transponder System is created. RFID research by Los Alamos Laboratories released to the public. 1977 First RFID transmitting license plate is created 1978 RFID detectors and identifiers are introduced 1979 First radio frequency identification chips that can be implanted into other things are created 1980 RFID becomes a commercial success and begins to become a mainstream product 1987 The first toll road RFID payment system is introduced in Europe 1992 Toll road payment collection devices are implemented in the United States 2000’s By this time over 1000 patents have been submitted using the RFID technology 2005 Near Field Communication (NFC) is introduced in the United States, thanks only to the advancements made by RFID

9. 9 RFID & I/M - New York TLC RFID tags affixed to the vehicles windshield to automatically lookup and retrieve the vehicle record from the VID This RFID tag will also be used to track the vehicle as it moves through the queue and inspection process so the system has precise knowledge of where the vehicle is on the property as well as how far the vehicle has made it through the inspection process. Applus Technologies uses RFID technology in the New York Taxi & Limousine Program to automate and expedite the inspection process Antenna RFID Reader

10. 10 Benefits Benefits of using RFID technology to automate the inspection process: Eliminates re-entering vehicle data & random lane assignment RFID tags or bar codes automate and streamline the queuing process, assigning vehicles for inspection to specific lanes Queuing software calculates expected wait time Assigns vehicles to lanes with least delay Considers test type for lane assignment Current & up-to-date vehicle identification Dynamic reassignment based on lane traffic

11. 11 New York Taxi Drivers NY Taxi Drivers before A+ Automated Inspection Process

12. 12 New York Taxi Drivers NY Taxi Drivers after A+ Automated Inspection Process

13. 13 RFID - Limitless Potential RFID Applications - the First Billion

14. 14 RFID Cost Global Average Factory Selling Prices for RFID Tags (courtesy of VDC Research Group)

15. 15 RFID - Vehicle Tracking System

16. 16 Today’s Usage  Technician badges  Keyless entry (key fobs)  Tollway stickers/transponders  License plate recognition  TPS Future Usage / Expansion  Fleet/Vehicle tracking & management  Vehicle identification – VIN progression tracking  Enforcement (registration, emissions, authentication, safety compliance)  Engine line assembly (future extension)  Benefits sticker and non-sticker Programs  Benefits decentralized and centralized RFID - I/M & Automotive Uses

17. 17 Future RFID application possibilities are limitless Potential to expand in both I/M and non- I/M industries RFID technology is here to stay as some of the world’s largest and best known companies continue to invest Costs and security/privacy will be issues that will continue to be monitored closely in future developments RFID - Summary

18. 18 Thank you. Tim Raml: traml@applustech.com RFID