1. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham M253 Team working in distributed environments. Prepared by Mrs.Nedaa Hisham E-mail: nhisham@arabou.edu.sa

2. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Overview Two tutor-marked assignments (TMA1 and TMA2) 1 midterm Final Exam: 50% of the total mark. This material consists of: 1-Resource sheets. 2-TMAs(2). Always check the LMS

3. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Project logs A project log (or notebook): is a place (not necessarily a physical notebook – it could be electronic) in which you record your notes, ideas, thoughts, and sketches about one of more projects.

4. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Project logs 1- Starting a project log. 1.1-Recording the important: keep a record of information found, information sources consulted, observations, data, results, plans, ideas, and reflections related to your project. Hofmann (1997) description of how to use a project log: 1-Keep your notebook with you at all times. 2-Write legibly. 3-Reviewing your project log regularly until it becomes a habit. 4-Keep accurate dates. 5-using abbreviations and phrases you can remember.

5. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Project logs 1.2-What to include: Include observations, descriptions, sketches, impressions, thoughts, ideas, opinions, sources of information (in sufficient detail to be able to find them again), data, and points agreed with others in a team just recording what you need in order to accomplish the purpose for which you have set the log. Check your entries conform to the journalist’s five Ws: who (is involved), what (happened), when (did it happen), where (did it happen) and why (or how). As writing the full URL of websites and the date you accessed the site. This will enable you to find the original information again.

6. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Project logs 1.3- What not to include: It shouldn't be a diary to record the appointments and not include every thing happing in a day not related to a project. A void writing on a loose sheets.

7. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Project logs 2- Keeping a project log. Each way has advantages and disadvantages. 2.1- paper log: use a loose leaf folder or journal style notebook of size that suit your work. number the pages and create an index page to refer quickly to really important information. 2.2- Electronic log: you can use a word processor, a diary program or keep your project log online using a blog.

8. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance Successful virtual teams : frequent, effective communication is a critical success factor for a virtual team.

9. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance

10. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance

11. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance Part time study and team working Since you and your fellow team members are all studying part-time, it is likely that you will all have such different and busy schedules that it may be difficult to schedule a time when you are all available for a synchronous meeting. Consequently, you may find it easier to collaborate using asynchronous communication media such as email, wikis and forums to participate at appropriate time.

12. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance How you will collaborate? collaborate using asynchronous communication media please be patient of waiting for someone else to complete their part of the project and keep informed the team of your progress. keep the decision-making process moving forward is to set (sensible) time-limits by which every team member should have read, and responded to, issues posted for discussion so that the decision can be taken. Partitioning the work

13. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Working at a distance Rules and norms Frequently check e mail and team forum Decide communication media and summarize the result of communication in the forum

14. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Electronic collaboration tools provided are: Forum  thread, date stamped and recorded in one central place. wiki  is a set of web pages that you can add to, or edit, online. The wiki starts off as a single page called the front page. Team members can use the wiki to create shared documents, and to discuss their content Forum and wiki are considered as a shared office and repository and archive

15. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Using forums: Follow the thread. When reading several messages on the same topic it is convenient if you can read them in the order in which they were posted Keep the subject line concise and unambiguous (meaningful ) Decision-making in forums compilation of the team report that you have to prepare for each TMA and the ECA

16. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Disadvantage of forum: the difficulty in not being able to create shared documents more time and energy in modification.

17. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Using wiki: ‘Sandbox’, which is a page on the wiki that you can use for experiments and to try things out create the collaborative documents related to the particular TMA that you are currently working on. Comments on the content are identified with the author and date if you use the wiki comments facility.

18. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Drawbacks with using wiki pages: contributions to the page do not get the author’s identity, or the date of the contribution, but there is evidence of who did what, when, in each wiki page’s history or enclose your contribution in angle brackets containing your name. only one person can edit a section of a wiki page at any given moment in time after that should sign off or cause problems to other team members so, prepare the text offline and copy, paste it on wiki page.

19. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Drawbacks with using wiki pages: save after previewing it, otherwise the system will just lose all your work. you can delete work entered by other people. Don’t delete but leave a comment to this effect, with your reasons for suggesting the change, and let the original writer of that content decide how to do the modifications.

20. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Other collaboration tools Firstly, a summary of what you discuss, agree, and create must be relayed back to the forum or wiki so that everyone in the team and your tutor, knows, or is able to find out. team agreement about the use of other tools  Instant messaging (online chat)=(synchronous text ) Yahoo or hotmail.  Audio conferences (synchronous voice ) telephone or skype (cheap telephone costs and involve more than tow participants). In order to use internet telephony (or VOIP – Voice Over IP), you will need a microphone and loudspeakers for your computer and a reasonably fast internet connection. With laptop using a headset.

21. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online  Video conferences (a web camera). some laptops are equipped with a webcam Skype offers videoconferencing Open University has developed a system called FlashMeeting runs in a web browser so there is no software to install. FlashMeeting is half-duplex (people have to take it in turns to talk) ( a duplex system would allow more than one person to talk at the same time). Half-duplex communication works very well in large meetings – it imposes discipline in the meeting and everyone can take their turn in contributing to the discussion These systems are best suited to supporting decision-making

22. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Good practice when communicating electronically ‘netiquette’: Remember that you are talking to real people. Try to keep your messages short. Give your messages a descriptive Subject line. Summaries messages when replying to them. Check with the sender before quoting from private email. Credit other people’s work. Signal your emotions in messages. Avoid writing all in CAPITALS. Send your messages to the right place.

23. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Communicating, cooperating and collaborating online Plumpton, How students can make conferencing work? everyone participates. the forum is supportive. everyone takes initiative and acts as the facilitator sometimes. everyone writes carefully, and people trust each other.  Note: voice and body languages are missed

24. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team organization Structures: The democratic team: all team members are involved in making decisions and involve informal leader The hierarchical team: there is a team leader or manager who makes decisions and carries some responsibility for the team. The ego-less team: ‘everyone does everything’ team Responsibility for the work is jointly assumed by all team members, decision-making has to take place by consensus since there is no leader.

25. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team organization Team roles: rotate roles or allocate the crucial roles Team leader: this person has responsibility for clarifying the aims of the meeting and its agenda. partitioning of tasks and allocation of activities. Record keeper: (meeting secretary) keep a record of what decisions have been taken, who is doing what, and the date of the next meeting. Report coordinator: (team secretary) coordinating the production of team documents and reports.

26. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team organization Team roles: Progress chaser: ensuring that the team is keeping to the schedule and ensuring that they will meet the external deadlines, ensuring that everyone is doing what they are supposed to. Timekeeper: is to monitor the passage of time and alert the team when that period of time has elapsed. Technical director: advises the team and particularly the team leader upon technical issues can be invaluable.

27. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team organization Team roles: Process consultant: make positive suggestions on how the team could improve their working practices and relationships with other team members. Client liaison: clarify exactly what is required by the client.

28. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team organization Which roles should you have? 1-A team leader: whose role may encompass several of the above roles. 2- A record keeper: whose role it is to maintain the official record of meetings, including documenting any decisions that were made. 3-A progress chaser: who ensures that the project runs according to plan and that the team’s reports are produced on time. 4-A report coordinator: who coordinates the production of documents by the team and manages the various versions of documents as they are produced.

29. Prepared by: Mrs.Nedaa Hisham Team formation Tuckman’s model of the development of teams Forming: Team members try to get to know each other. The team attempts to understand the task or project and establish the roles and rules. Storming: differences of opinion over the task can arise and disagreements between team members. Norming: A team identity has established itself and disagreements between team members are largely settled. Performing: the team will be working productively together. Adjourning: (Mourning) project coming to an end and the team being disbanded. Try to avoid this problem by keeping in touch.