1. Leukocytes Anatomy and Physiology Ch 10

2. Basic Facts 4000-11000/mm 3 or less than 1% –High is called leukocytosis (sign of infection) –Low is called leukopenia (may be caused by drugs) Part of the immune system –Slip in and out of bloodstream (diapedesis) –Respond to chemicals from damaged cells

3. Cell Types Only complete cell in the blood Classified into two groups –Granulocytes Lobed nuclei Granules stain specifically –Agranulocytes No visible granules Closer to normal nuclei

4. Granulocytes 1.Neutrophils –Most abundant –Multi-lobed nuclei –Pink cytoplasm –Phagocytize bacteria and fungi 2.Eosinophils –Blue-red nucleus looks like old phone –Red granules –Active against parasites 3.Basophils –Rarest WBC –Contains Histamine (makes vessels leaky in inflammation)

5. Neutrophil Basophil Eosinophil

6. Agranulocytes 1.Lymphocytes Large dark purple nucleus Slightly larger than RBC’s Usually in lymphatic tissue T cells (cell attack) and B cells (antibodies) 2.Monocytes Largest WBC Kidney shaped nucleus and more cytoplasm Become macrophages (chronic infections)

9. WBC Abundance from Highest to Lowest Never Neutro Let Lympho Monkeys Mono Eat Eosin Bananas Baso

10. WBC Homeostatic Imbalance Leukemia –Cancer in the bone marrow –WBC production increases –Young WBC’s don’t function well leading to infection –Loss of normal cells causing anemia and bleeding problems Mononucleosis –High white cell count –Response to infection (Epstein-Barr Virus)

11. Platelets Cell Fragments of megakaryocytes 300,000/mm3 Needed for the clotting process in the plasma